68th New York Infantry Regiment

Unveiling the Legacy of the 68th New York Infantry Regiment

The 68th New York Infantry Regiment: A German-American Unit in the Union Army

Imagine a regiment that fought not just for its country but also for a new home. The 68th New York Infantry Regiment, composed mostly of German immigrants, served with distinction during the American Civil War. Organized in July 1861, this unit was raised by Robert J. Betge and quickly became a formidable force on the battlefield.

How did these immigrant soldiers fare? They fought bravely at various battles, including Cross Keys, Second Bull Run, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wauhatchie, Missionary Ridge, and Knoxville. Their journey was marked by both triumphs and trials, as they transitioned from defending Washington D.C. to engaging in the harsh realities of war.

After being reassigned to the west, the 68th participated in the Chattanooga Campaign before spending their last year on occupation duty. In November 1865, the regiment was disbanded, marking an end to a chapter that saw them through some of the most pivotal moments of the Civil War.

From Washington D.C. to the Shenandoah Valley

The 68th’s initial assignment was to defend Washington D.C., but they were soon transferred to the Shenandoah Valley and central Virginia. This move set the stage for their involvement in Jackson’s Valley Campaign, where they faced their first major battle at Cross Keys.

First Battle: Cross Keys

Rhetorically speaking, could a regiment of German immigrants be expected to hold its own against seasoned Confederate forces? The 68th answered this question with a resounding yes. Although not heavily involved in the battle, two men were killed as they faced concentrated fire for the first time.

Challenges and Triumphs

The 68th’s journey was far from easy. They marched long distances, often without adequate supplies or rations. Colonel Betge protested against their mistreatment but found himself under arrest, with Lt. Col. John H. Kleefish taking command.

Chancellorsville and Beyond

The Battle of Chancellorsville saw the 68th suffer nearly 2,500 casualties while holding off Confederate forces until nightfall. This battle was a turning point in their morale, as newspapers began to blame German regiments for Union defeats.

Gettysburg: A Defining Moment

The 68th arrived at Gettysburg with only 267 men present for duty. They took up defensive positions north of the town and were sent forward to skirmish, but were ousted when Lt. Gen. Jubal Early’s Confederate division came on in numbers.

Second Day of Battle

The second day at Gettysburg saw the 68th remain in a more defensible position on Cemetery Hill. Despite heavy casualties and many prisoners, they participated in their first Union victory, marking a significant moment in their history.

Tennessee Campaigns

After the war’s mid-point, the 68th was sent to Tennessee as part of the Army of the Potomac. They played crucial roles in battles like Wauhatchie and Missionary Ridge, contributing significantly to Union victories.

Nashville Campaign

The regiment pursued Hood’s army into January and February 1865, engaging in minor battles at Elrod’s Tan Yard and Hog Jaw Valley. As Sherman advanced into Georgia, the 68th followed, making Atlanta their headquarters until news of Confederate surrenders.

Final Days

The 68th moved to Fort Pulaski in October 1865 and remained there until November 30, when they were mustered out after more than four years of service. The regiment suffered casualties of 47 killed, 133 wounded, and 116 captured before disbanding on December 14 at Hart’s Island.

The legacy of the 68th New York Infantry Regiment is one of resilience, courage, and dedication to a cause greater than themselves. Their story serves as a testament to the strength found in unity and the sacrifices made for freedom and home.