Four Times of the Day

Four Times of the Day: A Window into Hogarth’s London

‘Four Times of the Day’ is a series of four oil paintings by English artist William Hogarth, completed in 1736 and reproduced as engravings in 1738. These works offer a fascinating glimpse into life in London during the day, focusing on society rather than individual storylines.

Imagine stepping back in time to the bustling streets of 18th-century London. Four Times of the Day transports us through the city’s daily rhythms, from morning to night. Each painting captures a slice of life that resonates even today—much like a snapshot of our own times.

Morning: A Lady in Church and Market

In Morning, Hogarth paints a scene where a lady attends church, shielding herself from two men who are pawing at market girls. This painting is set against the backdrop of No. 43 King Street mansion with its columned portico visible in the centre. The juxtaposition of religious devotion and market chaos creates a rich tapestry of social commentary.

But what does this scene tell us about Hogarth’s intentions? Is he critiquing the hypocrisy of society or simply depicting reality as it was? Morning is more than just a snapshot; it’s a mirror reflecting the complexities of human nature and societal norms. The inscription ‘Sic transit gloria mundi’ (Thus passes the glory of the world) adds a layer of philosophical depth, inviting us to ponder the fleeting nature of life.

Noon: A Time of Order

As we move through Four Times of the Day, Noon represents a moment of order. This painting depicts a pregnant woman and her husband attempting to escape the city for some fresh air at Sadler’s Wells, only to find themselves surrounded by a crowd of rowdy people. The scene is a satirical look at the chaos that can arise even in moments of supposed calm.

Here, Hogarth uses humor to highlight the contradictions within society. The couple’s attempt to retreat from the city’s ills is thwarted by the very same issues they hoped to avoid. This painting serves as a reminder that order and chaos are often intertwined, much like the yin and yang of life itself.

Evening: A Time of Reflection

Evening is a time for reflection and perhaps a bit of melancholy. This painting shows disorderly activities under cover of night in Charing Cross Road, where tenants are escaping from their landlord on the eve of Oak Apple Day. The scene is a vivid portrayal of the struggles faced by ordinary people.

The contrast between the chaos of the day and the quiet desperation of evening creates a powerful narrative. Hogarth’s use of light and shadow adds depth to the scene, making it feel both real and symbolic. This painting invites us to consider the human condition—our hopes, fears, and the struggles that define our lives.

Night: A Time of Revelry

Finally, Night is a time for revelry and celebration. In this painting, we see a drunken freemason being helped home by his Tyler after being soaked with chamber pot contents from above. The scene is filled with the sounds and sights of a lively night in London.

The contrast between the formalities of day and the freedom of night is stark. Hogarth’s depiction of this moment captures the essence of human joy and the release that comes with letting go of societal constraints. This painting serves as a reminder that, despite the challenges, there is always room for celebration in life.

Each of these paintings tells a story, but together they form a larger narrative about society and its complexities. Four Times of the Day is not just a series of engravings; it’s a window into Hogarth’s world—a world that continues to resonate with us today.

The prints are now held in the National Trust Bearsted Collection at Upton House, Warwickshire, with Morning and Night being part of the collection since 1948. Noon and Evening remain in the Ancaster Collection at Grimsthorpe Castle, Lincolnshire. These works continue to inspire and challenge us, reminding us that the issues Hogarth addressed are still relevant today.

So, as we look back on Four Times of the Day, what do you think? Do these paintings offer a mirror to our own times or simply reflect the past? The answer lies in how we choose to interpret them. After all, art is not just about looking; it’s about seeing and understanding.

As we conclude our journey through Four Times of the Day, it’s clear that Hogarth’s work continues to offer us insights into human nature and society. These paintings are not just art; they are a reflection of life itself—a reminder that, no matter how much time passes, the struggles and joys of humanity remain constant.