The Cologne War was a conflict between Protestant and Catholic factions that devastated the Electorate of Cologne. The conflict tested the principle of ecclesiastical reservation, which had been included in the religious Peace of Augsburg. The Protestants believed a doctrine of doctrine was needed while those that remained Catholic wished to reform the morals of the clergy without sacrificing Catholic doctrine.
About Cologne War in brief
The Cologne War was a conflict between Protestant and Catholic factions that devastated the Electorate of Cologne. The conflict tested the principle of ecclesiastical reservation, which had been included in the religious Peace of Augsburg. In 1582, Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg, the Prince-elector of Cologne, converted to Protestantism. He declared religious parity for his subjects and, in 1583, married Agnes von Mansfeld-Eisleben, intending to convert the ecclesiastical principality into a secular, dynastic duchy. A faction in the Cathedral Chapter elected another archbishop, Ernst of Bavaria. Initially, troops of the competing archbishops of Cologne fought over control of sections of the territory. The conclusion of the war in favor of the Catholic side consolidated Wittelsbach authority in northwestern German territories and encouraged a Catholic revival on the lower Rhine. It also set a precedent for outside intervention in German religious and dynastic conflicts. It coincided with the Dutch Revolt, 1568–1648, encouraging the participation of the rebellious Dutch provinces and the Spanish. The Protestant Schmalkaldic League, through which many of the Lutheran princes agreed to protect each other from encroachment on their territories and local authority; in retaliation, the princes that remained loyal to the Catholic Church formed the defensive Holy League. The Protestants believed a doctrine of doctrine was needed while those that remained Catholic wished to reform the morals of the clergy without sacrificing Catholic doctrine.
The Catholic Church insisted that the traditional teaching that the Church is alone is the true justification of the unification of the world’s religions. The two strands of belief foundered on different concepts of the unity of the church and the belief that Catholics alone are the only true Christians, despite efforts by both Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and the Pontiff of Pontiff Paul III to reconcile the two camps. The war ended in 1586, with the direct involvement of Spanish troops and Italian mercenaries on theCatholic side, and financial and diplomatic support from Henry III of France and Elizabeth I of England on the Protestant side. It occurred within the context of the Protestant Reformation in Germany and the subsequent Counter-Reformation, and concurrently with theDutch Revolt and the French Wars of Religion. The German-speaking states of the Holy Roman Empire had devolved into armed factions determined by family ties, geographic needs, religious loyalties, and Dynastic aspirations. The religious issue both accentuated and masked these conflicts, but they disagreed on the solution to the problem of reforming the faithful but they believed a reform was needed to solve the problem. In the mid-1530s, the German- speaking states had devolveed into armed groups determined byFamily ties and geographic needs. The War of the Rhine-Westphalia was fought from 1578 to 1588. It was won by the House of Neuenahr-Alpen, which was part of the Palatinate-Zweibrücken.
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