Antiochus XI Epiphanes
Antiochus XI Epiphanes Philadelphus reigned as King of Syria between 94 and 93 BC. He declared himself king jointly with his twin brother Philip I. He died in 93 BC, but his reign did not last long, as he was defeated and drowned in the Orontes River as he tried to flee.
About Antiochus XI Epiphanes in brief
Antiochus XI Epiphanes Philadelphus reigned as King of Syria between 94 and 93 BC. He was the son of Antiochus VIII and his wife Tryphaena. His early life was a time of constant civil war between his father and his uncle. He declared himself king jointly with his twin brother Philip I. The reigns of the late Seleucid kings are poorly attested in ancient literature through brief passages and summaries. The name Antiochus is of Greek etymology and means “resolute in contention” It is more likely that Tarsus was the main base of operations; both AntiochusXI and PhilipI’s portraits appeared on the obverses of the city of Beroea, north of Antioch, because they struck the city’s obverse on coins of the same period. He died in 93 BC, but his reign did not last long, as he was defeated and drowned in the Orontes River as he tried to flee. His son Antiochus X was the last king of Syria before he was killed by rebels in 94 BC.
His reign was followed by the death of his uncle, AntiochusIX, in 95 BC, and the birth of his own son, Antonio XII. He is the only king to bear the name of the capital of Syria, Antioch, which was named after Antiochus, the father of King Seleucaus I ; this name became dynastic and many Seleukid kings bore it. He may have restored the temple of Apollo and Artemis in Daphne, but he may have been in his twenties by the time he came to power. He had many children, including Seleucus VI, the eldest; Antiochus XI, their younger brother Demetrius III; and the youngest Antiochus xII. The mother of Philip I was mentioned explicitly as tryphaena by the fourth-century historian Eusebius, who also mentioned that Antiochus and Philip i were twins. The conflict between the brothers would last a decade and a half; it claimed the life of Trypha Rena and ended with the assassination of AntiochUS V III.
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