Anne, Queen of Great Britain

Anne was Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland between 8 March 1702 and 1 May 1707. Under the Acts of Union, the kingdoms of England and Scotland united as a single sovereign state known as Great Britain. She continued to reign as Queen of Great Britain and Ireland until her death in 1714. Despite seventeen pregnancies she died without surviving issue.

About Anne, Queen of Great Britain in brief

Anne was Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland between 8 March 1702 and 1 May 1707. Under the Acts of Union, the kingdoms of England and Scotland united as a single sovereign state known as Great Britain. She continued to reign as Queen of Great Britain and Ireland until her death in 1714. Anne was plagued by ill health throughout her life, and from her thirties, she grew increasingly ill and obese. Despite seventeen pregnancies she died without surviving issue and was the last monarch of the House of Stuart. She was the fourth child and second daughter of the Duke of York and his first wife, Anne Hyde. Her father was the younger brother of King Charles II, and her mother was the daughter of Lord Chancellor Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon. Her older sister, Mary, was one of her godparents, along with the Duchess of Monmouth and the Archbishop of Canterbury, Gilbert Sheldon. The Duke and Duchess of York had eight children, but Anne and Mary were the only ones to survive into adulthood. Anne and her sister were brought up separated from their father in their own establishment at Richmond, London. As a child, Anne suffered from an eye condition, which manifested as excessive watering known as \”defluxion\”. For medical treatment, she was sent to France, where she lived with her paternal grandmother, Henrietta Maria of France, at the Château de Colombes near Paris. In 1673, Anne became a public convert to Catholicism, and he married Mary of Modena, who was only six and a half years older than Anne.

There is every indication that she got on well with her step-mother, Sarah Jennings. Over the next ten years, the new Duchess and Anne had ten children, all but one of whom were stillborn or died in infancy. In 1701, under the Act of Settlement, which excluded all Catholics, Anne was succeeded by her second cousin George I of the house of Hanover. She died in 1715, leaving no children in the line of succession after their father, so she was the next in line to the throne. She is buried at St James’s Palace, London, alongside her sister Mary and her father, William III of Orange. Her funeral was held on 6 February 1665, and she is buried in St Paul’s Cathedral in London, next to her mother, Lady Anne Hyde, the last of the Hyde family to have been born in England. Her sister Mary married their Dutch Protestant cousin, WilliamIII of Orange, in 1677, and Anne married Prince George of Denmark in 1683. Mary and William became joint monarchs. After Mary’s death in 1694, William reigned alone until his own death in1702, when Anne succeeded him. During her reign, Anne favoured moderate Tory politicians, who were more likely to share her Anglican religious views than their opponents, the Whigs. The Whigs grew more powerful during the course of the War of the Spanish Succession, until 1710 when Anne dismissed many of them from office.

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