Voice of America

What is Voice of America (VOA)?

VOA is an international broadcasting state media network funded by the U.S. government, producing digital, TV, and radio content in 48 languages for non-American audiences worldwide. Established in 1942, it has a rich history of serving as a beacon of information during times of conflict and political upheaval. Its mission is to promote international goodwill and understanding through accurate, objective, and comprehensive news.

The Genesis of VOA

VOA was born out of the need for the U.S. government to provide war news and commentary during World War II. The first broadcast was made on February 1, 1942, as ‘Stimmen aus Amerika’ (Voices from America) for Germany. This early effort laid the groundwork for what would become a global network of information dissemination.

Expansion and Impact

The Office of War Information took over VOA operations in 1942, expanding its reach into Europe, Africa, and Asia. By the end of World War II, it had 39 transmitters and was broadcasting in 40 languages. The impact of these broadcasts was significant; many defectors credited VOA for their decision to leave their countries.

The Cold War Era

During the Cold War, under director Foy Kohler, VOA ramped up operations and believed it aided in the fight against communism. Kohler cited high listener numbers and letter responses as evidence of its impact. Broadcasts influenced opinions on values, age, and even prompted defectors to leave their countries.

Challenges and Controversies

The Soviet Union responded by jamming VOA broadcasts in 1949. Charles W. Thayer headed VOA from 1948-49, during which time the Voice of America was established as part of U.S. foreign policy to counter Soviet propaganda and resumed its Arabic service in 1950.

VOA faced numerous challenges over the years, including McCarthyist policies, budget cuts, and political controversies. Despite these obstacles, it continued to be a significant source of information for many around the world. The Russians spend $1.2 billion a year jamming VOA broadcasts, but it remains a vital tool in U.S. diplomacy.

Modern Challenges

In recent years, VOA has faced new challenges such as censorship and political interference. In 2017, Russia deemed Voice of America a ‘foreign agent’ under Russian law. In June 2021, Roskomnadzor complained that VOA refused to observe Russian law by not establishing a Russian legal entity. In March 2022, VOA and other news broadcasters were blocked in Russia due to censorship.

Leadership and Future

The leadership of VOA has seen significant changes over the years. Robert E. Sherwood directed VOA from 1941-1942, and currently, Michael Abramowitz leads the network. President-elect Trump announced former news anchor Kari Lake as the next director in December 2024.

Controversies and Criticisms

VOA has faced numerous controversies, including mismanagement, political interference, and accusations of bias. In June 2020, Democratic presidential candidate Joe Biden said he would fire Michael Pack if elected. In November 2020, US District Court Judge Beryl Howell ruled that Pack had violated Voice of America journalists’ First Amendment rights.

Impact on Listeners

The impact of VOA on listeners is profound. From making Chinese students disapprove of China’s government to influencing the political beliefs of Chinese scholars, VOA has a significant role in shaping global opinions. Some listeners feel empowered by its programs, while others see it as American propaganda.

As VOA continues to navigate the complex landscape of international broadcasting, its role in shaping global perceptions and promoting American values remains a subject of ongoing debate. Whether seen as a beacon of truth or a tool of propaganda, one thing is clear: Voice of America has played—and will continue to play—a pivotal role in U.S. foreign policy.