The Founding Ceremony of the Nation

The Founding Ceremony of the Nation: A Masterpiece of Chinese Art

Imagine a painting that captures not just an event, but a moment in history so monumental it defines a nation’s identity. That’s what Dong Xiwen’s The Founding Ceremony of the Nation is. Painted in 1953, this oil masterpiece commemorates the proclamation of the People’s Republic of China on October 1, 1949, by Mao Zedong and other Communist Party officials at Tiananmen Square.

The Artistic Journey

How did Dong Xiwen, a professor at CAFA (Central Academy of Fine Arts), come to paint this historic moment? His selection was no accident. As an accomplished artist with strong political reliability and firsthand experience of the ceremony, he was the perfect choice.

The Composition

The Founding Ceremony of the Nation is a vibrant tableau that captures Mao Zedong standing on Tiananmen Gate’s balcony, reading his proclamation into two microphones. The scene is rich with symbolism: five doves flying into the sky, Qianmen and Yongdingmen gates in the background, and the rising five-star flag.

Symbolism and Aesthetic Choices

The painting’s style is reminiscent of folk art, with bright contrasting colors that reflect Chinese aesthetic tastes. Dong drew upon techniques from Dunhuang murals, Ming dynasty portraits, and ancient figure paintings to create a work that resonates deeply with the Chinese people.

Behind the Scenes

How did this monumental painting come together? Dong worked diligently in a small room above a soy sauce store, often sleeping on a chair and bringing meals from his daughter. He made numerous adjustments to ensure the grandeur of the occasion was captured accurately.

The Process

Dong’s approach was meticulous. He used traditional Chinese techniques like sawdust for texture enhancement and painted marble railings in a yellowish hue rather than white. The intense, saturated colors—especially vermilion for columns, carpets, lanterns, and flags—create a joyful and festive atmosphere.

The Impact of Political Changes

How did political changes affect the painting over time? The Founding Ceremony underwent several revisions due to shifts in leadership. In 1954, Gao Gang was removed from the painting, expanding Mao’s space but diminishing his central presence. Later, during the Cultural Revolution, President Liu Shaoqi and Dong Biwu were purged, replaced by Lin Biao.

Revisions and Reproductions

In 1972, a new version was created to accommodate further deletions. A replica made in 1979 included additional changes such as Liu, Lin Boqu, and Gao. Despite these alterations, the painting remains one of the most celebrated works of official Chinese art.

Recognition and Legacy

What impact did this painting have on China’s cultural landscape? The Founding Ceremony was not just a work of art but a symbol of national pride. It was reproduced in textbooks, featured on postage stamps, and displayed prominently at Tiananmen Square.

The Painting’s Journey

From its unveiling in 1953 to its current home in the National Museum of China, The Founding Ceremony of the Nation has undergone numerous changes but remains a testament to Dong Xiwen’s artistic vision and the political climate of his time.

Through its revisions and reproductions, this painting continues to tell a story of political influences on art. It serves as a reminder that even in the most significant moments of history, the artist’s vision can be shaped by the times.

The Founding Ceremony of the Nation is more than just a painting; it is a living testament to China’s journey from revolution to nationhood. Its enduring presence and the changes it has undergone reflect the complex interplay between art, politics, and history in China.