Sambo is an acronym of the romanization samozashchita bez oruzhiya, which literally translates to’self-defence without weapons’ The correct, official English spelling, approved by USA Wrestling and the United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee, is SOMBO. Sambo is a Soviet martial art, an internationally-practised combat sport, and a recognized style of amateur wrestling.
About Sambo (martial art) in brief
Sambo is an acronym of the romanization samozashchita bez oruzhiya, which literally translates to’self-defence without weapons’ The correct, official English spelling, approved by USA Wrestling and the United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee, is SOMBO. Sambo is a Soviet martial art, an internationally-practised combat sport, and a recognized style of amateur wrestling. It is included by UWW in the World Wrestling Championships along with Greco-Roman wrestling and freestyle wrestling. In 1938, it was recognized as an official sport by the USSR All-Union Sports Committee. There are multiple competitive sport variations of sambo. The effectiveness of this martial art is determined by its structure, namely by three components: boxing, sambo, and adapters. Combat sambo is designed to tackle certain tasks. It was intended to be a merger of the most effective techniques of other martial arts. The pioneers of Sambo were Viktor Spiridonov and Vasili Oshchepkov. Both hoped that Soviet military hand-to-hand combat techniques could be improved with an infusion of the techniques distilled from other foreign martial arts, such as Catch wrestling, Judo, Jujutsu, and other styles of wrestling. When the techniques were perfected, they were woven into sambo applications for personal self-defense, police, crowd control, dignitary protection, military staff, hospital staff, and commandos. In 1918, Lenin created the Vsevobuchki Society, a combat training center for Red Army veterans.
The task of developing and organizing Red Army combat wrestling was the first and one of the first self-hand-defense training centers of the World War I era. In the 1920s and 1930s, the Red Army began to use sambo to train its soldiers in self- defense. The goal is to stop an armed or unarmed adversary in the least time possible. The techniques from jujutsu and other martial systems joined with the indigenous styles to form the sambo fighting form. This form of fighting is known as’sambo’ or ‘free wrestling’ Sambo was developed by the Soviet NKVD and Red Army in the early 1920s to improve hand- to- hand combat abilities of the servicemen. It originated in the Russian SFSR in Soviet Union and is a relatively modern martial art. It has its roots in Catch wrestling and Judo from the early 20th century. The first sambo champion, Vasili Oschepkov, died in prison as a result of the Great Purge after being accused of being a Japanese spy. He taught judo to elite Red Army forces at the Central Red Army House. He is considered to be the founder of the Sambo movement. An earlier version of this article stated that sambo was a form of free wrestling. We are happy to clarify that this is not the case and that the term sambo refers to a different form of wrestling, known as free wrestling in the Soviet Union.
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