Rolls-Royce R

Rolls-Royce R: The Powerhouse of Air Racing

The Rolls-Royce R engine was a marvel of engineering, designed to push the boundaries of air racing in the early 1930s. Imagine a supercharged V-12 engine that could produce an astounding 2,800 horsepower while weighing just over 1,640 pounds—quite the feat for its time! This powerhouse was not only used in seaplane competitions but also inspired advancements in aircraft and land speed records.

Design and Development

The Rolls-Royce R engine’s design was a blend of innovation and necessity. It drew inspiration from the Napier Lion engine, which powered the Supermarine S. 5, and shared similarities with the Buzzard engine. The key to its success lay in its supercharger design, allowing it to run at high revolutions and produce a boost of up to 18 pounds per square inch. This was achieved through a double-sided supercharger impeller, making it one of the most powerful engines of its era.

Testing and Trials

The R engine underwent rigorous testing at Rolls-Royce’s Derby factory in April 1929. Many mechanical failures were reported, but these challenges only spurred further innovation. Engineers like ‘Wellworthy’ pistons improved the durability of components. Testing involved three Kestrel engines, superchargers, and a specialized test cell with eight personnel running the tests. Despite initial setbacks, the engine’s reliability was eventually proven in flight testing at RAF Calshot on August 4, 1929.

Applications and Records

The Rolls-Royce R engine found its true calling in air racing. It powered the Supermarine S.6B aircraft to set a world airspeed record of 407.5 mph (655.67 km/h) in 1931, securing Britain’s dominance in the Schneider Trophy competition. This achievement was not just about speed; it was also about pushing the limits of engineering and design.

Land Speed Records

The R engine’s power was not confined to the skies. Sir Malcolm Campbell and his son Donald used these engines from 1931 to 1951, setting multiple land speed records with their Blue Bird car. The Thunderbolt, another vehicle powered by two R engines, also achieved remarkable speeds on the Bonneville Speedway.

Water Speed Records

The R engine’s versatility was further demonstrated in water-based competitions. Kaye Don set a new world water speed record of 119.81 mph (192.82 km/h) on Loch Lomond in Miss England III, powered by the same engines that had previously been used in seaplanes.

Legacy and Impact

The technological advancements made during the development of the R engine were incorporated into the Rolls-Royce Merlin design. This legacy is evident in the numerous records set by vehicles like Blue Bird K3, which used an R engine for water speed record attempts. The engines on display at various museums serve as a testament to this remarkable period in aviation history.

The Rolls-Royce R engine was more than just a powerful machine; it was a symbol of British ingenuity and determination. From air racing to land and water speed records, its impact is still felt today, inspiring engineers and enthusiasts alike to push the boundaries of what’s possible.