The Missouri Centennial Half Dollar: A Historical Coinage Marvel
Imagine a time when the United States was celebrating its centennial, and one state decided to mark this significant milestone with a commemorative coin. That’s exactly what happened in 1921 when the Missouri Centennial half dollar was struck. This coin not only commemorated Missouri’s entry into the Union but also showcased the artistic prowess of its designer, Robert Ingersoll Aitken.
The Legislative Journey
Was it easy to get this commemorative coin approved? The answer is a resounding no. Congress passed legislation for the Missouri Centennial half dollar without opposition, and President Warren G. Harding signed it into law on his inauguration day. This quick approval process was crucial as S. 4893 was considered by the House of Representatives just two days before the end of the congressional session.
The Design Process
Who designed this coin, and how did they come up with the idea? The design was entrusted to Robert Ingersoll Aitken, who was put in touch with James Montgomery, chairman of the Missouri Centennial Commission. Together, they proposed designs featuring Daniel Boone, a figure deeply rooted in Missouri’s history.
The Fine Arts Commission approved the design on June 9, 1921, and the obverse features a bust of Daniel Boone wearing a deerskin jacket and coonskin cap, surrounded by centennial dates, country name, and denomination. The reverse depicts Boone with rifle and powder horn, accompanied by a Native American bearing a shield and peace pipe.
Production and Distribution
A total of 50,028 coins were struck at the Philadelphia Mint, with some featuring the 2★4 on the obverse and others without it. The coin was distributed by the Sedalia Trust Company at a price of $1, selling both varieties by mail and at the exposition in August.
However, due to poor sales, 29,600 plain variety coins were returned for melting. This outcome highlights the challenges faced by commemorative coin programs even today, where public interest can be unpredictable.
The Design’s Reception
How was this design received? The design received positive reviews from art historians, including Cornelius Vermeule, who noted that Aitken’s work showcased Renaissance principles and omitted patriotic mottoes typically found on US coinage. This unique approach made the Missouri Centennial half dollar stand out among other commemorative coins of its time.
Value and Rarity
The 1921 Missouri Centennial half dollar sold at a premium above face value, with the 2★4 selling for more than the plain variety by the 1940s and 1980s. Yeoman’s book lists the 2★4 for between $625 and $7,250, and the plain for between $400 and $6,650, each depending on condition.
An exceptional specimen of the plain variety sold at auction in 2015 for $70,500. At least one specimen in proof condition is known, sold at auction in 1992. This coin’s value underscores its historical significance and artistic merit.
The 1921 Missouri Centennial half dollar is a testament to the rich history and artistic heritage of the United States. It not only commemorated an important milestone in statehood but also showcased the innovative design principles that set it apart from other commemorative coins. As we look back at this piece of numismatic history, we are reminded of the enduring value of artistry and historical significance.
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This page is based on the article Missouri Centennial half dollar published in Wikipedia (retrieved on November 29, 2024) and was automatically summarized using artificial intelligence.
