Islamophobia

What is Islamophobia?

Is Islamophobia just a mental illness, or does it have deeper roots in society? This question has been at the heart of academic and social discourse for decades. The term ‘Islamophobia’ was first coined in 1918 but gained widespread usage only after the Runnymede Trust’s report in 1997. It refers to the irrational fear, hostility, or hatred against Islam or Muslims, often stemming from stereotypes and media portrayals.

The Roots of Islamophobia

Robin Richardson, a scholar who has extensively studied this phenomenon, argues that while ‘Islamophobia’ is here to stay, it has significant disadvantages. He suggests that the term implies it affects only a tiny minority and can be seen as merely a mental illness. However, he acknowledges its importance in defining precisely what constitutes Islamophobic behavior.

Defining Islamophobia

The exact definition of Islamophobia continues to be discussed among academics. Mattias Gardell defines it as ‘socially reproduced prejudices and aversion to Islam and Muslims.’ The European Commission against Racism and Intolerance describes it as a fear or prejudiced viewpoint towards Islam, Muslims, and matters pertaining to them.

Islamophobia in Media and Society

The media plays a significant role in shaping public perception. A study by the Runnymede Trust found that Islamist militants received 357% more media attention than non-Muslims or whites, despite far-right extremists being responsible for almost double the number of terrorist acts in the US. This highlights how media framing can contribute to negative interactions and stigma towards Muslims.

Media Responsibility

The Media Responsibility Institute defines Islamophobia as anti-Muslim racism, similar to antisemitism. They argue that both share similarities in using rhetorical instruments like ‘religious imperatives’ and conspiracy theories. However, there are differences: Muslims are seen as external threats, while Jews are perceived as omnipotent internal ones.

Islamophobia in the United States

In the US, a 2018 poll found that 86% of respondents wanted to live in a country where no one was targeted for their religious identity. This underscores the pervasive nature of Islamophobia and its impact on public opinion.

Islamophobic Incidents

Data from the FBI shows an increase in anti-Islamic offenses since 2001, with averages increasing dramatically post-9/11. In Europe, reports of hate crimes targeting Muslims have also increased after terrorist attacks by extremist groups like ISIL.

Islamophobia and Identity Politics

The term ‘Islamophobia’ has been linked to identity politics, allowing adherents to construct their identity in opposition to a negative image of Muslims. This can lead to the homogenization of Muslim identities and the ascription of values based on stereotypes.

Global Trends

A 2018 ISPU poll highlighted internalized Islamophobia among American Muslims, with 30% agreeing that they feel ashamed of their faith identity. This reflects a broader trend where Muslims experience high levels of discrimination and hostility in various parts of the world.

Conclusion

The fight against Islamophobia is not just about changing individual attitudes but also about addressing systemic issues within society. By understanding its roots, we can work towards creating a more inclusive and tolerant environment for all.