Franklin D. Roosevelt

Franklin Delano Roosevelt: The Man Who Lifted America from Its Knees

Imagine a leader who could lift himself from a wheelchair to lift the nation from its knees during one of the darkest periods in American history. That’s Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the 32nd U.S. president and one of the most influential figures in our country’s history.

From Hyde Park to the White House

Roosevelt was born on January 30, 1882, in Hyde Park, New York. His early life was marked by privilege and education. Homeschooled until age 14, he attended Groton School and Harvard College, where he became editor-in-chief of The Harvard Crimson. After his father’s death in 1900, Roosevelt’s admiration for Theodore Roosevelt inspired him to pursue a political career.

Political Ascendancy

Roosevelt entered Columbia Law School and passed the New York bar examination in 1907. He worked at Carter Ledyard & Milburn before marrying Eleanor Roosevelt in 1905. The couple had six children, but Franklin’s extramarital affairs caused a rift with his wife, who eventually established her own home.

Despite opposition from Theodore Roosevelt, FDR ran for the New York State Senate and won an unexpected victory. He became the leader of a group opposed to Tammany Hall machine politics and later served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy under President Woodrow Wilson. In 1921, he contracted polio, which left him paralyzed from the waist down. Yet, his political ambitions remained undiminished.

Presidency: A New Deal for America

Roosevelt’s presidency began in 1933 during the Great Depression. His initial focus was on combating this economic crisis, and he implemented numerous programs such as the New Deal and Social Security. He also instituted major regulatory reforms related to finance, communications, and labor.

During his tenure, Roosevelt faced criticism for his policies and actions. Some questioned his third-term bid, while others criticized his treatment of Jews and Japanese Americans during World War II. Despite these controversies, he remains a towering figure in American history.

The Road to Pearl Harbor

As the 1940s dawned, Roosevelt’s attention shifted towards foreign policy challenges, particularly with Japan. Relations deteriorated after Japan invaded Manchuria and further worsened when Roosevelt supported China against Japanese aggression. The U.S. cut off oil sales to Japan, leading to a series of events that culminated in the infamous attack on Pearl Harbor.

Following the attack, Roosevelt declared war on Japan, and Congress overwhelmingly approved his request. This marked the beginning of America’s involvement in World War II. Roosevelt worked closely with other national leaders to lead the Allies against the Axis powers, implementing a Europe-first strategy that involved significant military and economic mobilization.

Post-War Legacy

Roosevelt’s presidency brought about significant changes in American society. He established the Office of War Mobilization and proposed the Second Bill of Rights, which included basic economic rights such as adequate medical care, education, and employment. The G.I. Bill provided benefits for returning soldiers, including post-secondary education and job counseling.

Despite his declining health, Roosevelt maintained a strong grip on the war effort until his death in 1945. His legacy includes not only his wartime leadership but also his role in shaping the modern welfare state and U.S. foreign policy.

A Controversial Figure

While Roosevelt’s achievements are undeniable, he faced criticism for various aspects of his presidency. Some historians argue that his policies were too radical, while others question his handling of racial issues during World War II. Despite these controversies, his leadership during the Great Depression and World War II cannot be overstated.

Memorials and Legacy

Roosevelt’s home in Hyde Park is now a National Historic Site with his Presidential library. Washington D.C. hosts two memorials: the 7+1⁄2-acre Roosevelt Memorial near the Jefferson Memorial and a marble block memorial at the National Archives building. He has also appeared on several U.S. Postage stamps, the American dime, and has been commemorated in London’s Westminster Abbey.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt was more than just a president; he was a symbol of resilience and hope during one of America’s darkest hours. His leadership not only lifted his nation but also redefined the role of government in the lives of its citizens, leaving an indelible mark on American history that continues to resonate today.