Amalie Emmy Noether (23 March 1882 – 14 April 1935) was a German mathematician who made many important contributions to abstract algebra. She discovered Noether’s theorem, which is fundamental in mathematical physics. In 1935, she underwent surgery for an ovarian cyst and, despite signs of a recovery, died four days later at the age of 53.
About Emmy Noether in brief
Amalie Emmy Noether (23 March 1882 – 14 April 1935) was a German mathematician who made many important contributions to abstract algebra. She discovered Noether’s theorem, which is fundamental in mathematical physics. She was described by Pavel Alexandrov, Albert Einstein, Jean Dieudonné, Hermann Weyl and Norbert Wiener as the most important woman in the history of mathematics. In 1935, she underwent surgery for an ovarian cyst and, despite signs of a recovery, died four days later at the age of 53. Noether was born to a Jewish family in the Franconian town of Erlangen; her father was a mathematician, Max Noether. She originally planned to teach French and English after passing the required examinations, but instead studied mathematics at the University of Erlangen. In 1924, Dutch mathematician B. L. van der Waerden joined her circle and soon became the leading expositor of her ideas. Her work was the foundation for the second volume of his influential 1931 textbook, Moderne Algebra. In the second epoch, she began work that changed the face of algebra. In her classic 1921 paper Idealtheorie in Ringbereichen, Noether developed the theory of ideals in commutative rings into a tool with wide-ranging applications. She made elegant use of the ascending chain condition, and objects satisfying it are named Noetherian in her honor. She had three younger brothers: Alfred, Gustav and Fritz. The youngest, Robert, suffered from chronic illness and died in 1928; very little is known about his life; he made a reputation for himself in mathematics.
The eldest, Alfred, was awarded a doctorate in chemistry in 1883, but died nine years later in 1909, but is remembered for his academic accomplishments; after studying in Munich in 1884, he made an academic reputation for studying. The second, Gustav Noether, was born in 1882, the first of four children. He showed early proficiency in English and showed early interest in French and French. He died in 1889; he suffered from Chronic illness in 1928, and died from the chronic illness. The third, Alfred Noether died in 1909; he died in 1888, but his academic achievements are remembered for the fact that he studied chemistry and French in Munich, and later became a well-known professor of chemistry in Munich. He was also known for his work in the field of algebraic topology. He is remembered as one of the greatest mathematicians of the 20th century; he was the father of the modern field of Algebraic Topology. In 1915, she was invited by David Hilbert and Felix Klein to join the mathematics department at the University of Göttingen, a world-renowned center of mathematical research. She spent four years lecturing under Hilbert’s name, and her habilitation was approved in 1919, allowing her to obtain the rank of Privatdozent. In 1933, Germany’s Nazi government dismissed Jews from university positions, and Noether moved to the United States.
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