Alcathoe bat

The Alcathoe Bat: A Rare Gem Among European Bats

Imagine a small, elusive creature with brown fur and a high-pitched echolocation call that helps it navigate the night. This is the Alcathoe bat (Myotis alcathoe), a fascinating species that has captured the attention of many researchers due to its unique characteristics and limited distribution.

Distinctive Features

The Alcathoe bat stands out among other Myotis species with its brownish fur, reddish tones on upperparts, and paler gray-brown underside. Its facial features include a heart-shaped nostril and several glands on the muzzle, making it a true marvel of nature’s design.

Genetic Uniqueness

While morphologically similar to other whiskered bats, genetic studies have confirmed that Myotis alcathoe is indeed distinct. Two studies using microsatellite markers identified three species clusters for M. alcathoe, M. brandtii, and M. mystacinus. However, the presence of hybridization with other whiskered bats complicates morphological identification.

Geographical Distribution

The Alcathoe bat has a limited range that includes Spain, France, Austria, Hungary, and Slovakia. It is also known from Greece, Portugal, England, Sweden, Turkey, Germany, and potentially Ireland and Moldova. The species appears to be rare in most of its range, with records scattered across these countries.

Habitat Preferences

These bats prefer moist deciduous forests near streams, often found close to water sources such as rivers or small streams. They can also be spotted in farmlands, swamps, and wooden grounds, making them quite adaptable to various habitats.

Natural History

The Alcathoe bat is a polygynous species with high bat density at swarming sites. It reproduces in caves but pregnant females have been found as late as June. Juveniles are caught between July and September, and individuals of other M. spp. (M. brandtii and M. mystacinus) show longer migration distances than M. alcathoe.

Conservation Status

Due to its narrow ecological preferences and habitat threats such as reservoir construction, forest loss, and cave disturbance, the Alcathoe bat is considered Data Deficient on the IUCN Red List. However, it may be endangered, and further research and public awareness efforts are recommended.

Conclusion

The Alcathoe bat (Myotis alcathoe) remains a fascinating subject for researchers due to its unique genetic makeup and limited distribution. Despite being rare, this species continues to intrigue scientists with its adaptability and distinct characteristics. As we learn more about it, the Alcathoe bat serves as a reminder of the importance of biodiversity and the need for conservation efforts.