Ketuanan Melayu is a political concept emphasising Malay preeminence in Malaysia. The Malays of Malaysia claimed a special position and special rights owing to their long domicile and the fact that the present Malaysian state evolved from a Malay polity. The Chinese and Indian immigrants who form a significant minority in Malaysia, are considered beholden to the Malays for granting them citizenship in return for special privileges.
About Ketuanan Melayu in brief
Ketuanan Melayu is a political concept emphasising Malay preeminence in Malaysia. The Malays of Malaysia claimed a special position and special rights owing to their long domicile and the fact that the present Malaysian state evolved from a Malay polity. The Chinese and Indian immigrants who form a significant minority in Malaysia, are considered beholden to the Malays for granting them citizenship in return for special privileges. This quid pro quo arrangement is usually referred to as the Malaysian social contract. The idea of Malay supremacy gained attention in the 1940s, when the Malays organised themselves to protest the Malayan Union’s establishment, and later fought for independence. Historically, the most vocal political opposition towards the concept has come from non-Malay-based parties, such as Malaysian People’s Movement Party and Democratic Action Party. In the 2000s decade, the multiracial People’s Justice Party also positioned itself against ketuananMelayu, advocating instead ketuanans rakyat. The true origin of ethnic Malays is still the subject of studies among historians, anthropologists and linguists. A popular theory suggested that the people who spoke Austronesian languages first arrived in Maritime Southeast Asia between 2,500BCE and 1,500 BCE. However, recent genetic studies carried out by HUGO Asia, involving almost 2000 people across South East Asia, points to another theory of migration. The HUGo findings support the hypothesis that Asia was populated primarily through a single migration pattern from the south and south-east.
Between the 7th and 13th centuries the region was first populated by the most diversity, then continuing slowly with its diversity being lost through Buddhist and Hindu influences. The beginning of the first Millennium saw the rise of the Indian subcontinent with trade contacts with North and South Asia. The Malaysian people make up the majority population of Malaysia at 50.4% of the population. They are an ethnic group ofAustronesian people predominantly inhabiting the Malay Peninsula, including the southernmost parts of Thailand, the east coast of Sumatra, the coast of Borneo, and the smaller islands which lie between these locations. The term Tanah MelayU in its name which literally means ‘Malay homeland’ assumes proprietorship of theMalay states. In this method the colonial government strengthened Malay ethno-nationalism, Malay ethnicity and culture and Malay sovereignty in the new nation-state. During the 1960s, there was a substantial effort challenging ketuana Melayo led by the People’s Action Party of Singapore — which was a state in Malaysia from 1963 to 1965 — and the DAP after Singapore’s expulsion. However the portions of the Constitution related to ketuan an Melayi were \”entrenched\” after the race riots of 13 May 1969, which followed an election campaign focused on the issue of non- Malay rights and Ketuananmelayu. The New Economic Policy, also introduced in 1970, emphasised an assimilation of thenon-Malays into the Malays.
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This page is based on the article Ketuanan Melayu published in Wikipedia (as of Dec. 03, 2020) and was automatically summarized using artificial intelligence.
