The Oka Crisis was a land dispute between a group of Mohawk people and the town of Oka, Quebec, Canada, which lasted 78 days until September 26, 1990. In 1717, the governor of New France had granted the lands encompassing The Pines and the Pine Hill Cemetery to the Society of the Priests of Saint Sulpice or Sulpician Fathers Seminary. In 1959, the town approved the development of a private nine-hole golf course on a portion of the disputed land. In March 1989, the Club de golf d’Oka announced plans to expand the golf course by an additional nine holes. Protests by Mohawks and others, as well as concern from the Quebec Minister of the Environment, led
About Oka Crisis in brief
The Oka Crisis was a land dispute between a group of Mohawk people and the town of Oka, Quebec, Canada, which lasted 78 days until September 26, 1990. The dispute was the first well-publicized violent conflict between First Nations and the Canadian government in the late 20th century. In 1717, the governor of New France had granted the lands encompassing The Pines and the Pine Hill Cemetery, where local Mohawk ancestors had been buried, to the Society of the Priests of Saint Sulpice or Sulpician Fathers Seminary. In 1959, the town approved the development of a private nine-hole golf course on a portion of the disputed land. In March 1989, the Club de golf d’Oka announced plans to expand the golf course by an additional nine holes. Protests by Mohawks and others, as well as concern from the Quebec Minister of the Environment, led to a postponement of the project by the municipality. In August 1990, the court on the development’s legality found in favour of the developers and the mayor announced that the remainder of the Oka golf course would be cleared to construct 60 condominiums. The Mohawk suit filed against the development did not succeed. A second order issued on June 29, 1990, ordered the barricade blocking access to the area to be dismantled. In late April, a second order was issued ordering the dismantling of the barricades. Not all residents of the Mohawk community erected a barricade to access the area, as some Mohawk members of the community refused to discuss the plans with the mayor’s office.
In June 1990, some members of some Mohawks refused to talk to the mayor’s office to discuss them, as a protest against the decision to allow the expansion to proceed. In September 1990, a third order issued by the mayor was ignored, as all residents ignored the order. In the end, the dispute was settled by the Canadian Armed Forces Warrior Society, which won a tactical victory over the town’s mayor. The conflict ended with the death of two Mohawk men, one of whom was a member of the local Mohawks community. The battle was one of the most violent clashes between Indigenous people and white settlers in Canadian history. It was also the deadliest clash between Indigenous and non-Indigenous forces in Canada since the Second World War. The U.S. Army was involved in the conflict, which ended in a military victory for the Canadian Army. The Canadian Army won the battle with the deaths of two Indigenous men, including a Mohawk man who had been shot by white settlers. The war ended with a victory for Canadian forces in the Battle of Wounded Knee. The Battle of St. Lawrence River was the deadliest conflict between Indigenous peoples and the white settlers since the First World War, when the Haudenosaunee were forced to leave the area. The land dispute began in the early 18th century, when French Jesuit missionaries sought converts from among the Mohawks. Mohawk settlement in the St Lawrence river valley.
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This page is based on the article Oka Crisis published in Wikipedia (as of Dec. 07, 2020) and was automatically summarized using artificial intelligence.
