Tropics

The Enigma of the Tropics

Imagine a world where the sun’s rays dance directly overhead, painting the sky with its warm embrace. The tropics, those regions surrounding the Equator, are like a vibrant canvas, rich in color and life. But what exactly makes these areas so special? Is it just the heat, or is there more to their allure?

The Sun’s Kiss

The tropics receive the most solar energy, making them the heart of Earth’s warmth. With little seasonal variation, they are a constant reminder that nature has its own rhythm. Do you ever wonder why these regions feel so alive and vibrant?

Geography’s Dance

The tropics cover 39.8% of the Earth’s surface area, with 36% of its landmass, yet they are home to a staggering 40% of the world’s population as of 2014. This is no small feat! The word ‘tropical’ comes from Ancient Greek meaning “to turn” or “change direction.” Is it just a coincidence that these regions have such a profound impact on our lives?

The Seasons of the Tropics

Many tropical areas experience both dry and wet seasons. The wet season, defined as one or more months with average precipitation of 60 mm (2.4 in) or more, is a testament to nature’s rhythm. How do these seasonal changes shape the lives of those who call the tropics home?

The Diversity of Tropical Climates

Tropical climates can be divided into several types: seasonal tropical forests, savannahs, deserts, and grasslands. Each type offers a unique glimpse into nature’s diversity. Climate change is affecting these regions, with temperatures increasing by 0.7-0.8°C over the last century. Are we witnessing the beginning of a new chapter in Earth’s history?

The Biodiversity of Tropical Ecosystems

Tropical ecosystems are characterized by high biodiversity and species endemism, particularly in rainforests and seasonal forests. However, these ecosystems face threats such as deforestation techniques like slash-and-burn agriculture. Can we preserve the beauty and diversity of these regions?

The Division of Tropical Regions

Tropical areas can be divided into two regions: Paleotropics (Africa, Asia, and Australia) and Neotropics (Caribbean, Central America, and South America). Together, they are sometimes referred to as the Pantropic. The system of biogeographic realms differs somewhat; the Neotropical realm includes both the Neotropics and temperate South America, and the Paleotropics correspond to the Afrotropical, Indomalayan, Oceanian, and tropical Australasian realms.

The Flora of the Tropics

Flora are plants found in a specific region at a specific time. Some well-known plants that are exclusively found in, originate from, or are often associated with the tropics include:

• Bamboo
• Banana trees
• Citrus fruits such as oranges, lemons, mandarins, etc.
• Coconut trees
• Coffee
• Dragon fruit
• Ferns
• Jackfruit
• Orchids
• Palm trees
• Papaya trees
• Rubber tree
• Stone fruits such as mangos, avocado, sapote etc.
• Bird of paradise flower
• Cacao
• Giant water lily

Tropicality: The Image of the Tropics

Tropicality refers to the image of the tropics that people from outside the tropics have of the region. It encompasses two major images: a ‘Garden of Eden’ or a heaven on Earth, and wild, unconquerable nature. Western scholars have tried to theorise why tropical areas are relatively inhospitable to human civilisations than colder regions of the Northern Hemisphere, often suggesting that humid hot climates correlate to human populations lacking control over nature. Do you think these theories hold water?

The tropics are more than just a geographical location; they are a symbol of life’s endless possibilities and challenges. As we continue to explore and understand them better, let us also strive to protect their unique ecosystems for future generations.