Starlink

What is Starlink and Why Does It Matter?

Imagine the internet as a vast, shimmering web stretching across the globe. That’s what SpaceX’s Starlink aims to be—a network of thousands of satellites orbiting Earth, providing high-speed internet access to even the most remote corners of our planet. But how did this ambitious project come about, and why is it so significant?

The Genesis of Starlink

SpaceX started conceptualizing constellations of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites in the mid-1980s. The idea was to create a network that could provide global mobile broadband, but it wasn’t until 2014 when Elon Musk and Greg Wyler began planning a constellation called WorldVu with over 700 satellites. SpaceX’s acquisition of Surrey Satellite Technology (SSTL) in 2004 as part of a shared strategic vision laid the groundwork for what would become Starlink.

From Concept to Reality

In June 2014, discussions about a satellite broadband network broke down, and SpaceX filed an ITU application under the name STEAM. The company later trademarked the name Starlink, inspired by the novel The Fault in Our Stars. By November 2016, SpaceX had filed an application with the FCC for a non-geostationary orbit satellite system. In September 2017, the FCC ruled that half of the constellation must be in orbit within six years.

Launch and Expansion

The first batch of 60 operational Starlink satellites was launched in May 2019. By late 2019, SpaceX was transitioning its efforts from research and development to manufacturing, aiming to launch a large group of satellites to orbit every month for the next six years. By July 2020, Starlink’s limited beta internet service was opened to invitees from the public, with speeds over 150 Mbit/s reported by testers.

Global Reach and Impact

Starlink has been instrumental in providing global mobile broadband. By December 2022, it had reached over 1 million subscribers, and by September 2024, the number of subscribers had grown to 4 million. The total cost of designing, building, and deploying the constellation is estimated at least US$10 billion.

Applications and Partnerships

The service has gained over 5 million customers worldwide as of February 2025. It’s been used extensively in the Russo-Ukrainian War by the United States Department of Defense, providing critical internet access for communication and warfare. SpaceX also designs and launches customized military satellites based on variants of the Starlink satellite bus.

Challenges and Controversies

The constellation’s effect on ground-based astronomy is a concern. Astronomers claim that their brightness in both optical and radio wavelengths will severely impact scientific observations. SpaceX has taken steps to reduce light pollution, but the issue remains contentious.

Future Developments

SpaceX committed to reducing debris by keeping tension rods attached to the Falcon 9 second stage. The planned large number of satellites has been met with criticism from astronomers due to concerns over light pollution and space debris. However, SpaceX is working on mitigating these risks.

The Future of Starlink

As we look ahead, the future of Starlink seems promising but also fraught with challenges. The service has already transformed how internet access is provided globally, but it’s not without its critics and concerns. As SpaceX continues to innovate and expand, the impact on both technology and society will only grow.

Starlink is not just a technological marvel; it’s a testament to the power of innovation and ambition. As we navigate the complexities of space-based internet, one thing is clear: the future is here, and it’s connected.