Peace

What is Peace?

Peace, a state of harmony in the absence of hostility and violence, is often seen as a simple concept. But how do we truly define it? Is peace merely the absence of war, or does it require more—specifically, justice and morality? These questions have been pondered by philosophers, scholars, and leaders throughout history.

The Origins and Forms of Peace

Peace has taken many forms and symbols. The term ‘peace’ originates from the Latin pax, meaning ‘peace, compact, agreement, treaty,’ and comes from the Hebrew word shalom, which means ‘to be complete, whole.’ Tacitus, a Roman historian, once said, ‘Auferre trucidare rapere falsis nominibus imperium, atque ubi solitudinem faciunt, pacem appellant. ‘ This quote translates to: ‘To ravage, to slaughter, to usurp under false titles, they call empire; and where they make a desert, they call it peace.’ It raises the question of whether peace can truly be achieved through such means.

Peace in Society

Societal peace can be seen in two forms: a simple silence of arms, absence of war; and an absence of war accompanied by particular requirements for mutual settlement of relations characterized by justice, mutual respect, respect for law, and good will. The United Nations (UN) is dedicated to promoting these ideals through dialogue and cooperation.

Peacekeeping Operations

The UN sends peacekeepers to regions where armed conflict has recently ceased or paused to enforce the terms of peace agreements and discourage combatants from resuming hostilities. These peacekeepers are akin to police, who are a constituted body empowered by a state to enforce law, protect lives, liberty, and possessions, and prevent crime and civil disorder.

Peace through International Organizations

The League of Nations was established after World War I with high hopes but struggled to respond effectively. Sir Alfred Eckhard Zimmern drew inspiration from ancient Greek civilization to promote peace through his studies on the League of Nations. Scholars like Gilbert Murray and Florence Stawell formed a group known as the ‘Greece and Peace’ set, which shared an interest in promoting peace and understanding international affairs.

Peace Prizes and Scholarships

The creation of the League of Nations led to the establishment of bodies dedicated to studying international relations, such as the Council on Foreign Relations and the Royal Institute of International Affairs. The late 19th century idealist advocacy for peace led to the creation of the Nobel Peace Prize, Rhodes Scholarships, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, and ultimately the League of Nations, which also influenced the modern Olympic Games.

Religious Perspectives on Peace

Religious beliefs often address conflicts and seek peace through virtues like Eirene (goddess of peace) and Jesus as the Prince of Peace. Christians interpret Isaiah 9:6 as a messianic prophecy and practice nonresistance, while Catholics emphasize the Holy Rosary as a means to foster peace. Hindu texts contain passages promoting peace, harmony, and concord with others and within oneself.

Peace in Different Cultures

In Judaism, the concept of shalom is central, representing God’s presence and the ideal state of being. The Tanakh symbolizes peace as a longed-for messianic age where natural enemies live in harmony. Pacifism, on the other hand, is the categorical opposition to behaviors of war or violence as a means of settling disputes or gaining advantage.

Theories and Approaches to Peace

Many different theories of ‘peace’ exist, including balance of power, appeasement, deterrence, speaking truth to power, free trade and interdependence. The classical ‘realist’ position supports the maintenance of a balance of power to promote order between states and increase chances of peace. Critics argue that this approach can promote war rather than peace.

Peace Museums and News Networks

A peace museum documents historical initiatives and provides advocacy programs for conflict resolution. The Culture of Peace News Network is a UN-authorized online news network committed to supporting the global movement for a culture of peace. The Sydney Peace Prize is awarded annually in November to organizations or individuals promoting peace, human rights, and non-violence.

Conclusion

The pursuit of peace is an ongoing journey that involves understanding its many forms and striving for justice, morality, and mutual respect. From ancient Greek civilization to modern international organizations, the quest for peace continues. As we navigate our world, let us remember that true peace begins within each one of us.