Official

What Exactly Is an Official?

An official is someone who holds an office and participates in the exercise of authority. But what does that really mean? Are they just people with titles, or do they have real power behind their positions? Let’s dive into this intriguing concept and explore its various forms and applications.

Elected vs. Appointed Officials

When we think of officials, the first thing that comes to mind might be elected representatives like mayors or senators. But did you know that some officials are appointed by virtue of another office? This raises an interesting question: Does it matter how someone gets into a position of authority?

The Incumbent

A term often used in politics is ‘incumbent,’ which refers to someone currently holding an office. But what does this mean for their power and influence? Are they more likely to be re-elected simply because they are already in place, or do they have to prove themselves every time?

The Etymology of Official

The word ‘official’ has been recorded since Middle English, 1314. It comes from Old French and Latin. The meaning ‘person in charge of public work or duty’ was first recorded in 1555. This etymology tells us that the term has roots in governance and administration, suggesting a long history of formal roles within society.

Roman Antiquity

In Roman times, an officialis referred to a member of the officium staff of a high dignitary. This is similar to modern civil servants who work under government or organizational leadership. The term highlights how roles of authority have evolved over centuries.

Ecclesiastical Judiciary

In canon law, the title ‘officialis’ refers to a diocesan bishop’s judicial vicar. The Code of Canon Law gives precedence to this title. This shows that even in religious contexts, there are structured roles and authorities that govern behavior and decision-making.

Sports Officials

But officials aren’t just found in government or religion; they’re also crucial in sports. An official enforces playing rules as an assistant referee or umpire. This role is essential for maintaining fairness and order during competitions, much like how elected officials maintain the rule of law.

Other Forms of Official

A functionary carries out a particular role within an organization. An officer is close to being a synonym for official but has more military connotations. Max Weber defined a bureaucratic official as someone who exercises authority based on impersonal rules. This definition emphasizes the importance of structure and procedure in maintaining order and efficiency.

Adjective Usage

The term ‘official’ can also be used as an adjective, often meaning pertaining to the government or having state recognition. Here are some examples:

• Official holiday: a public holiday with national recognition
• Official language: a recognized language for administration or service delivery
• Official spokesperson: an individual empowered to speak on behalf of the government or organization
• Official statement: a corporate position or opinion expressed by an organization
• Official apology: an apology issued by an organization, not an individual
• Official policy: publicly acknowledged and defended policy
• Official strike: a recognized labor union-organized strike
• Official school: a government-administered school
• Official history: commissioned history with access to records and archives
• Official biography: written with private papers and family support

In conclusion, the term ‘official’ encompasses a wide range of roles and responsibilities across various sectors. From government and religion to sports and organizations, these positions play crucial roles in maintaining order, enforcing rules, and representing authority.