Cley Marshes

Cley Marshes: A Natural Oasis on England’s North Sea Coast

Imagine a place where nature thrives in harmony with human efforts, where the beauty of reed beds and wetlands meets the challenges of coastal erosion. Welcome to Cley Marshes, a 176-hectare nature reserve that has been a sanctuary for wildlife and a source of inspiration for over a century.

The History and Designation

First established in 1926 by Dr Sydney Long as a bird breeding sanctuary, Cley Marshes quickly gained recognition for its ecological significance. It was designated an SSSI (Site of Special Scientific Interest) in 1954, and later became part of the North Norfolk Coast SSSI, Natura 2000, SPA (Special Protection Area), and Ramsar listings. These designations underscore its importance as a habitat for breeding and wintering birds.

Human Impact and Adaptation

However, Cley Marshes has not been without its challenges. Human occupation and coastal erosion have led to multiple flooding incidents, prompting the creation of new wetlands inland to compensate for lost habitats. In 1822, Thomas Telford was consulted to address silting issues, but his recommendations were not implemented. By 1840, Cley’s trade had significantly declined, and its population stagnated.

Wildlife and Visitor Experience

The reserve is a haven for bird species such as marsh harriers, Eurasian bitterns, bearded reedlings, avocets, black-tailed godwits, northern lapwings, common redshanks, and sedge warblers. Other animals like water voles, brown hares, European otters, and various invertebrates also call Cley Marshes home.

Visitors can explore the reserve through five bird hides, a visitor centre, and a café. The 2007 visitor center is environmentally friendly, featuring living sedum plants, rainwater collection, solar water heating, wind turbines, and geothermal heat pumps. Over 100,000 visitors annually contribute to the local economy, generating an equivalent of 2,325 full-time jobs.

Threats and Solutions

The natural movement of shingle towards the mainland poses a significant threat to Cley Marshes. This has led to increased flooding, with the sea defences breached multiple times, including in 1953 when the flood reached 8km inland. Restoration efforts have been ongoing, with Natural England’s assistance.

Managed retreat is likely the long-term solution to rising sea levels at Cley. A new wetland near Hilgay is being created through a 60-hectare project that aims to create a 10,000-hectare living landscape in the future. This approach seeks to balance ecological needs with the challenges of coastal change.

Conclusion

Cley Marshes stands as a testament to the resilience and adaptability of nature reserves in the face of environmental challenges. As we continue to navigate the complexities of coastal management, Cley Marshes offers valuable lessons on how to protect our natural heritage for future generations. Will you join us in supporting these vital ecosystems?