Blakeney Point

Blakeney Point: A Natural Wonder in Norfolk

Imagine a place where nature’s beauty and history intertwine, creating an ecosystem that has captivated visitors for centuries. Welcome to Blakeney Point National Nature Reserve, a stunning coastal area on England’s north coast.

The History of Blakeney Point

Blakeney Point is not just a nature reserve; it’s a living testament to the rich history of Norfolk. From its early human occupation during the Palaeolithic period to the establishment of the Carmelite friary in 1296, this spit of shingle and sand dunes has seen it all. The former Carmelite friary was built in 1296, while Blakeney Chapel had a ditched enclosure and was occupied from the 14th century until around 1600. These structures not only add to the area’s charm but also provide a glimpse into its past.

Medieval Harbours and Trade

The Glaven ports of Blakeney, Cley-next-the-Sea, and Wiveton were important medieval harbours. Blakeney sent ships to help Edward I’s war efforts in 1301, showcasing the strategic importance of these ports during that era. However, land reclamation schemes led to the silting up of the shipping channel, causing a decline in trade by the early 19th century.

Blakeney’s Shipping Trade

The Blakeney Church, with its unusual second tower at the east end, may have acted as a beacon for mariners. The spit sheltered the Glaven ports, making Blakeney one of the only Norfolk ports to have customs officials between King’s Lynn and Great Yarmouth. This unique position allowed Blakeney’s shipping trade to thrive until harbour size limitations eventually led to its decline.

Wildlife and Conservation

Blakeney Point is a haven for wildlife, with over 187 beetle species recorded in insect surveys. The reserve supports breeding species of waders, lapwings, warblers, and other birds. Vagrant rarities have appeared here, including Fea’s or Zino’s petrel, trumpeter finch, and alder flycatcher. Ornithologist Emma Turner started ringing common terns in 1909, leading to notable recoveries such as a Sandwich tern and Radde’s warbler.

Seals and Invertebrates

The point is home to a mixed colony of harbour and grey seals. The harbour seals breed between June and August, while the grey seals breed in winter. The rabbit population can impact dune vegetation due to grazing and burrowing, which can lead to increased competition for toxic plants like ragwort. Carnivores such as red foxes and stoats also prey on rabbits, contributing to their decline.

Plant Life

The tidal flats are home to numerous molluscs, including lugworms, polychaete worms, sand hoppers, and gastropod molluscs that feed on algae. Bivalve molluscs like common cockle can be found, although they are not harvested here. Grasses such as sea couch grass, sea poa grass, and marram grass help bind the sand in the coastal dunes. Sea holly, bird’s-foot trefoil, and pyramidal orchid are specialists of this arid habitat.

Visitor Impact

Blakeney Point attracts 7 million day visitors and £122 million in revenue annually, securing full-time jobs for the local community. However, large visitor numbers can negatively impact wildlife and habitats. The area saw 39% of visitors for birdwatching and £2.45 million spent locally. The reserve is designated as a red-zone area due to sensitive habitats and visitor pressure.

Management Challenges

The spit that protects Blakeney village is slowly moving towards the mainland due to erosion by shingle, which has been advancing at a rate of about 1 m per year. This movement has resulted in several former islands disappearing and changes in the channel of the Glaven river, leading to increased flooding in Cley village and the freshwater marshes.

Conclusion

Blakeney Point National Nature Reserve is a true gem, offering a unique blend of history, wildlife, and natural beauty. As we continue to manage this area for conservation and tourism, it’s crucial to strike a balance that preserves its ecological integrity while allowing visitors to enjoy the wonders of nature.