Auxiliary Territorial Service

The Auxiliary Territorial Service: Women’s Role in World War II

Imagine a world where women stepped up to fill the gaps left by men, not just as support but as integral parts of the war effort. That’s exactly what happened with the Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS), the women’s branch of the British Army during World War II.

The ATS was formed on September 9, 1938, and existed until February 1, 1949. It had its roots in the Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC), which served from 1917 to 1921. But this time, it was a much bigger deal.

From WAAC to ATS: A Voluntary Service

The ATS was established as a voluntary service, attached to the Territorial Army. Women serving in the ATS received two-thirds of male soldiers’ pay, but their contributions were invaluable. They expanded their duties and numbers during World War II, reaching 65,000 by September 1941.

These women were trained in various roles, including operating Cinetheodolites (a device used for mapping and surveying). They served in support tasks such as radar operators, forming part of anti-aircraft gun crews, and even military police. It’s like they were the unsung heroes behind the scenes, making sure everything ran smoothly.

Calling Up Women: A National Effort

The National Service Act of 1941 called up unmarried women between 20 and 30 years old to join the ATS or other auxiliary services. Married women were later called up, with some being exempt due to pregnancy or young children. It was a call to action for all women, no matter their age or marital status.

But there was one rule they couldn’t break: women were barred from serving in battle. However, the shortage of men meant that they took on support tasks, proving their worth and capability time and again.

Casualties and Contributions

The ATS suffered 717 casualties during World War II, including those who were prosecuted for conscientious objectors and imprisoned. These women faced the same dangers as men but in different ways. They were part of units deployed to North West Europe in 1944-45 as ‘Mixed’ regiments.

A secret trial known as the ‘Newark Experiment’ in April 1941 showed that women could operate heavy searchlight equipment and cope with conditions on desolate sites. This was a turning point, proving their capabilities to everyone involved. Members of the ATS began training at Rhyl to replace male personnel in searchlight regiments.

ATS in Action: Mixed Regiments

In July 1942, the first ‘Mixed’ regiment was formed, with seven Troops of ATS women posted to it. By August 1943, about 1500 women were serving in searchlight regiments. The ATS represented 10 per cent of the Royal Corps of Signals by 1943, taking over major signal office and operating duties.

The corps had over 190,000 members by VE Day, including famous individuals like Mary Churchill and Princess Elizabeth. These women were not just part of history; they were making it happen one day at a time.

ATS Rank Structure: Full Military Status

The ATS rank structure was reorganized in May 1941, giving full military status to its members and requiring them to salute all superior officers. Other ranks were assigned to mixed-sex Royal Artillery batteries, using Royal Artillery ranks. It’s like they were given the respect and recognition they deserved.

The story of the ATS is a testament to the resilience and determination of women during one of the most challenging times in history. They proved that gender should never be an obstacle when it comes to serving one’s country.

The ATS was more than just a group of women serving in the military; it was a symbol of unity, strength, and determination. They showed that when faced with adversity, women can step up and make a difference. The legacy of the ATS lives on, inspiring future generations to break barriers and contribute to their communities.