Theridion grallator, also known as the Hawaiian happy-face spider, is a spider in the family Theridiidae that resides on the Hawaiian Islands. Its abdomen is often pale, translucent yellow, and can also contain a variety of red, white, andor black superimposed patterns. Certain morphs have a pattern resembling a smiley face or a grinning clown face on their yellow body.
About Theridion grallator in brief
Theridion grallator, also known as the Hawaiian happy-face spider, is a spider in the family Theridiidae that resides on the Hawaiian Islands. Its abdomen is often pale, translucent yellow, and can also contain a variety of red, white, andor black superimposed patterns. Certain morphs have a pattern resembling a smiley face or a grinning clown face on their yellow body. Each spider has a unique pattern, and the patterns differ from island to island. Abdominal color changes from translucent yellow to green or orange, depending on diet. The most common morph is Yellow as it makes up 70 percent of populations. White is dominant to nearly all morphs. The White morph is produced by a massive deposit of guanine below the hypodermis, which is a structure derived from the ectoderm. There appears to be no sex-linkage in these traits. Lab crosses with females mated in the wild have displayed that the opisthosomal morphs appear to be dictated by alleles at one autosomal locus. Upon analysis of genitalia patterns, at least nine species in the Hawaiian islands have been identified to be related to the closest relatives of T. grallator. This clade is believed to have been colonized from the Americas and is closely related to colonized genus Exbidalion. It seems there is a possibility of other other effects like the carapace and opistHosoma patterns. Though there is not a pleiotropic locus at one particular locus, it is not likely given the patterning on it that it would be the same as the red and black opist hosoma pigments on its abdomen.
It is believed that this clade has been closely associated with the colonized Americas and has been identified from colonized colonized Colombia and the Americas. It has characteristically long and slender legs and a translucent yellow body and is known to have the most divergent bodily morphology out of all the members of its clade. This unique characteristic occurred as a result of an ecological or behavioral shift. The ratio of unpatterned to patterned morphs are relatively constant throughout the year; the ratios are also constant between and within populations, regardless of climate and elevation. The amount of pigment present in the abdomen is correlated with the dominance of the associated allele. The alleles that are associated with black, red, or white pigments are arranged in a hierarchical structure and exhibit dominant effects. In regards to the distribution of morphs amongst sexes, there appears tobe no sex linkage inThese traits. There is a possible link between the association between carapACE and opsthosoma patterning and other other patterns like the patterns on the abdomen of the T. gr allator-clade. It seems that this may be due to a linkage between locus and other patterns on its carapaces and the carabace.
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This page is based on the article Theridion grallator published in Wikipedia (as of Dec. 08, 2020) and was automatically summarized using artificial intelligence.
