Sentences

The Sentences: A Medieval Masterpiece

Imagine a book that shaped the minds of theologians for centuries—Peter Lombard’s Sententiae in quatuor IV libris distinctae, or simply, The Sentences. This compendium of Christian theology was written around 1150 and became the most important religious textbook during the Middle Ages.

But what exactly is it about this book that made it so influential? Let’s dive into its origins and impact.

The Genesis of The Sentences

Think of The Sentences as a giant puzzle, with each piece representing a theological concept. Peter Lombard was the mastermind behind this intricate creation, compiling glosses from Church Fathers into one coherent whole. His previous work, Magna glossatura, prepared him for this monumental synthesis.

The text was compiled in two phases, with a final version being completed by 1154 and becoming the definitive version. Lombard arranged his material from the Bible and Church Fathers into four books, then subdivided it into chapters. This structure made it easier for students to navigate through complex theological ideas.

The Impact of The Sentences

Imagine a classroom where every student is required to study this book—this was the reality during the 13th and 14th centuries. Alexander of Hales grouped these chapters into smaller “distinctions,” making it even more accessible for students.

The Sentences became a widely adopted theological textbook in medieval universities, influencing many major thinkers such as Albert the Great, Thomas Aquinas, and Martin Luther. It was so influential that Pope Alexander III criticized Lombard’s Christological Nihilianism in 1170, but this only added to its notoriety.

The Sentences: A Textbook for Theologians

Now, picture a student preparing for their theology masters examination. A commentary on Lombard’s work was required, and it became an integral part of the examination system. This book was not just read; it was dissected, debated, and analyzed.

The Sentences were widely commented upon, with over 1,600 authors contributing to the commentary by 2001. Modern English translations include Giulio Silano’s 2007-2010 edition of The Sentences. Transcriptions and commentaries on The Sentences can be found in various libraries, including Manuscript 900 at the Bibliothèque Municipale Troyes.

Conclusion: A Legacy of Influence

So, what makes Peter Lombard’s Sententiae in quatuor IV libris distinctae so significant? This book is a testament to the enduring power of theological thought and its ability to shape generations of scholars. From its creation in the 12th century to its continued relevance today, The Sentences remains a cornerstone of Christian theology.

The legacy of The Sentences is a reminder that the pursuit of knowledge and understanding can transcend time, influencing not only religious thought but also the broader intellectual landscape. It’s a book that continues to inspire and challenge us today.