Menkauhor Kaiu was an Ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the Old Kingdom period. He ruled for possibly eight or nine years, following king Nyuserre Ini, and was succeeded in turn by Djedkare Isesi. His familial relation to his predecessor and successor is unclear, and no offspring of his have been identified. He was buried in a small pyramid in Saqqara, which the Ancient Egyptians named Netjer-Isut MenkauHor.
About Menkauhor Kaiu in brief
Menkauhor Kaiu was an Ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the Old Kingdom period. He ruled for possibly eight or nine years, following king Nyuserre Ini, and was succeeded in turn by Djedkare Isesi. His familial relation to his predecessor and successor is unclear, and no offspring of his have been identified. He ordered the construction of a sun temple, called the \”Akhet-Ra\”, meaning \”The Horizon of Ra\”. The last ever to be built, this sun temple is yet to be located. He was buried in a small pyramid in Saqqara, which the Ancient Egyptians named Netjer-Isut MenkauHor, \”The Divine Places of Menk Kauhor\”. Known today as the Headless Pyramid, the ruin had been lost under shifting sands until its rediscovery in 2008. Surviving artefacts contemporaneous with his reign include two stone vessels inscribed with his name from the mortuary temple of Neferefrefre, as well as a few sealings from the same temple and from an area known as Djjj Cemetery. The seal of his pyramid has also been discovered near the Pactolus river valley in western Anatolia, purportedly near the necropolises of Gbelein and Gebelein, but could attest to wide-contacts during the Fifth Dynasty. The figure of MenKauhor was at the centre of a long lasting funerary cult until the end of theOld Kingdom period, with at least seven agricultural domains producing goods for the necessary offerings.
The cult reappeared during the New Kingdom period and lasted until at least the Nineteenth Dynasty, some 1200 years after his death. His name is well attested in the names and titles of priests and officials of the 5th Dynasty. He is mentioned in the Aegyptiaca, a history of Egypt written in the 3rd century BC during the reign of Ptolemy II, but no copies of the text survive, and it is known only through later writings by Sextus Julius Africanus and Eusebius. Mencherês is believed to be a Hellenized form of Men kauhor, and Africanus’ nine-year figure fits well with the eight years of reign given to Menk Sauhor on the Turin canon, the latter figure being considered by some Egyptologists, including Hartwig Altenmüller, as more likely than the former. The only known activity dated to Menhauhor’s reign is an expedition to the copper and turquoise mines in Sinai. His mother Khentkaus III may have been his mother, as indicated by evidence discovered in her tomb in 2015. The remains of her are now on display at the Fine Arts Museum of Boston, now in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, and are now part of the collection of the Egyptian Museum of Egypt and the British Museum. The name of his tomb is also on display in Cedare’s Family Cemetery in Abedkir.
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