George III of the United Kingdom
George III was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two countries on 1 January 1801. He was concurrently Duke and Prince-elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg in the Holy Roman Empire before becoming King of Hanover on 12 October 1814. Unlike his two predecessors, he was born in Great Britain, spoke English as his first language, and never visited Hanover. He died in 1820, and was succeeded by his son George IV, who was the last monarch to be born in Britain before the Union of the Crowns.
About George III of the United Kingdom in brief
George III was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two countries on 1 January 1801. He was concurrently Duke and Prince-elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg in the Holy Roman Empire before becoming King of Hanover on 12 October 1814. George’s life and reign, which were longer than those of any of his predecessors, were marked by a series of military conflicts involving his kingdoms, much of Europe, and places farther afield in Africa, the Americas, and Asia. In the later part of his life, George had recurrent, and eventually permanent, mental illness. Although it has since been suggested that he had bipolar disorder or the blood disease porphyria, the cause of his illness remains unknown. His eldest son, George, Prince of Wales, ruled as Prince Regent until his father’s death, when he succeeded as George IV. George was smitten with Lady Sarah Lennox, 3rd Duke of Richmond, but his thoughts of marriage were resisted by his mother, Sophie Lennox-Wolfenbüttel. In 1759, George was married to Princess Sophie Caroline of Brunswick, but she died before he could marry her. He never visited Hanover, but unlike his two predecessors, he was born in Great Britain, spoke English as his first language, and never visitedHanover. He died in 1820, and was succeeded by his son George IV, who was the last monarch to be born in Britain before the Union of the Crowns.
George III was the first British monarch to study science systematically, and the first to be educated by private tutors. His religious education was wholly Anglican. At age 10, George took part in a family production of Joseph Addison’s play Cato and said in the new prologue: “What, tho’ a boy! It may with truth be said, A boy in England born, in England bred”. Historian Romney Sedgwick argued that these lines appear “to be the source of the only historical phrase with which he is associated”. He was the grandson of King George II and the eldest son of Frederick,Prince of Wales. His godparents were King Frederick I of Sweden, his uncle Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha, and his great-aunt Sophia Dorothea, Queen in Prussia. George became heir apparent to the throne and inherited the title of Duke of Edinburgh in 1751. He had three children, all of whom died before the age of 18. George died on 29 January 1820 and was buried at St James’s Palace in London, where he had been christened by Bishop of Oxford and Rector of St James’s. He is buried alongside his brother Edward, the Duke of York and Albany, and his uncle King Frederick III of Sweden. His last child, Prince George of Sweden, was also born in London and died in 1760. George IV was the only son of George II, and succeeded his father as King of Britain and Ireland.
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