Blood type
A blood type is a classification of blood based on the presence and absence of antibodies and inherited antigenic substances. Blood types are inherited and represent contributions from both parents. As of 2019, a total of 38 human blood group systems are recognized by the International Society of Blood Transfusion.
About Blood type in brief
A blood type is a classification of blood based on the presence and absence of antibodies and inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells. Blood types are inherited and represent contributions from both parents. As of 2019, a total of 38 human blood group systems are recognized by the International Society of Blood Transfusion. The ABO blood group system involves two antigens and two antibodies found in human blood. The two antibodies are antibody A and antibody B. The Rh system is the second most significant blood-group system in human-blood transfusion with currently 50 antigen. The most significant Rh antigen is the D antigen, because it is the most likely to provoke an immune system response. Certain blood types may affect susceptibility to infections, an example being the resistance to specific malaria species seen in individuals lacking the Duffy antigen. Some blood types are associated with inheritance of other diseases; for example, the Kell antigen is sometimes associated with McLeod syndrome. The original terminology used by Karl Landsteiner in 1901 for the classification was ABC; in later publications \”C\” became \”O\”. Type O is often called 0 in other languages. The presence or absence of the Rh antigen or Rh signified by the + sign, so that Rh negative blood types do not have the same antigen as Rh positive. For example, D-negative individuals can produce IgG anti-D antibodies following a sensitizing event: possibly a fetomaternal transfusion of blood from a fetus in pregnancy or occasionally a blood transfusion with D positive RBCs.
The associated anti-A and anti-B antibodies are usually immunoglobulin M, abbreviated IgM, antibodies. It has been hypothesized that ABO IgM antibodies are produced in the first years of life by sensitization to environmental substances such as food, bacteria, and viruses. Thus, transfusion can be considered safe as long as the serum of the recipient does not contain antibodies for the blood cell antigEN of the donor. For an individual can be AB positive and M positive at the same time, at the time of transfusion, in addition to the ABO and Rh systems to the addition of AB and M, AB positive, M positive, AB negative, and AB negative. The blood type of an individual is one of many possible combinations of blood- group antigENS. A complete blood type would describe each of the 38 blood groups, and an individual’s blood type can be one of several combinations of these combinations, including ABO, Rh, ABO+ and ABO-A. ABO is a type A and A− group is ABO type A. Rh is a group A and Rh is Rh type A+ group A+. Rh does not have the +signified Rh antigen, so Rh negative people are less common in Asian populations than European populations. Rh negative individuals are much less common than Asian populations they are in European populations, so the presence of the +SignifiedRh antigen is + signified.
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This page is based on the article Blood type published in Wikipedia (as of Nov. 29, 2020) and was automatically summarized using artificial intelligence.
