Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is a national wildlife refuge in northeastern Alaska, United States. ANWR includes a large variety of species of plants and animals, such as polar bears, grizzly bears, black bears, moose, caribou, wolves, eagles, lynx, wolverine, marten, beaver and migratory birds. The first federal protected area of Alaskan wilderness became a federal wilderness region in 1960.
About Arctic National Wildlife Refuge in brief
The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is a national wildlife refuge in northeastern Alaska, United States. ANWR includes a large variety of species of plants and animals, such as polar bears, grizzly bears, black bears, moose, caribou, wolves, eagles, lynx, wolverine, marten, beaver and migratory birds. In 1929, a 28-year-old forester named Bob Marshall visited the upper Koyukuk River and the central Brooks Range on his summer vacation. In 1954, the National Park Service recommended that the untouched areas in the Northeastern region of Alaska be preserved for research and protection of nature. In 1980, Congress passed the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act of 1980. The bill was signed into law by President Jimmy Carter on December 8, 1980, under U.S. Secretary of the Interior Andrew Seaton. The first federal protected area of Alaskan wilderness became a federal wilderness region in 1960 by order of Fred Seaton, Secretary of Interior. The question of whether to drill for oil in the National Wildlife Arctic Refuge has been a political controversy since 1977. The debate mainly concerns section 1002 in the ANWR, where many of the Arctic’s diverse wildlife species reside. There are two sides of this debate: support for drilling and the opposition of drilling. The usage of section 1001 in ANWR depends on the amount of oil worldwide, and the usage of part 1002 of the refuge depends on how much oil is found in the Arctic. The Far North is a fragile place. It takes a lot of living and living in wilderness territory to keep this alive, for scientific observation, for esthetic inspiration, and for ecological inspiration.
In 1960, Celia Hunter and Muries Muries joined the Alaska Conservation Society to fight tirelessly to garner support for the protection of wilderness ecosystems. In 2012, President Barack Obama signed a bill into law that would protect the Alaska wilderness region from future oil drilling. In 2013, President Obama signed the Alaska Wilderness Act of 2013, which protects the Alaska North Slope region from oil drilling for the next 30 years. In 2014, the U.N. Secretary-General announced that the Arctic National wildlife refuge would be protected from drilling for 20 years, starting in 2015. The U.K. government has agreed to a 20-year moratorium on oil drilling in the region until the end of the decade. In 2015, the Obama administration announced that it would not drill in the area until after the completion of a study of the results of the study. In 2016, the White House announced that no oil drilling would be allowed in the Northern Aleutian region of the United States in the next five years. The National Wildlife refuge system was founded by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1903, to protect immense areas of wildlife and wetlands in theUnited States. The refuge system created the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 which conserves the wildlife of Alaska. In 1956, Olaus and Mardy Murie led an expedition to the Brooks Range in northeast Alaska, where they dedicated an entire summer to study the land and wildlife ecosystems of the Upper Sheenjek Valley.
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This page is based on the article Arctic National Wildlife Refuge published in Wikipedia (as of Dec. 03, 2020) and was automatically summarized using artificial intelligence.
