The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, was a federal socialist state in Northern Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991. It was the largest country in the world by surface area, spanning over 10,000 kilometers east to west across 11 time zones and over 7,200 kilometers north to south. Its five climate zones were tundra, taiga, steppes, desert, and mountains. In August 1991, a coup d’état d’etat led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union as a federation.
About Soviet Union in brief
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, was a federal socialist state in Northern Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991. It was the largest country in the world by surface area, spanning over 10,000 kilometers east to west across 11 time zones and over 7,200 kilometers north to south. Its territory included much of Eastern Europe, parts of Northern Europe and Western Asia, and all of Northern and Central Asia. Its five climate zones were tundra, taiga, steppes, desert, and mountains. Its diverse population was collectively known as Soviet people. The goal of Mikhail Gorbachev, the last Soviet leader, was to preserve the Communist Party while reversing economic stagnation during his tenure. In August 1991, a coup d’état d’etat led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union as a federation. This led to strong nationalist and separatist movements inside the USSR, as well as the rise of strong separatist movements in the Baltic states, Moldova, Georgia, and the Republic of Georgia. The Soviet Union was the first country to launch a satellite and the first human spaceflight. The USSR took an early lead in the Space Race with the first ever satellite and the firstHuman spaceflight in the 1960s and 1970s. The country developed rapidly, as millions of peasants were moved into industrialized cities. It also underwent a period of rapid industrialization and forced collectivization, which led to significant economic growth, but also led to a man-made famine in 1932–1933 and expanded the Gulag labour camp system originally established in 1918.
The Cold War emerged in 1947 as a result of a post-war Soviet dominance in Eastern Europe. In June 1941 the Germans invaded, opening the largest and bloodiest theater of war in history. Soviet war casualties accounted for the highest proportion of the conflict in the cost of acquiring the upper hand over Axis forces at intense battles such as Stalingrad. In May 1945, Soviet forces eventually captured Berlin and won World War II in Europe on 9 May 1945. The territory overtaken by the Red Army became satellite states of the Eastern Bloc. After Stalin’s death in 1953, a period known as de-Stalinization and the Khrushchev Thaw occurred under the leadership of Nikita Khrushchev. In the mid-1980s, the Soviet leader sought to further reform the economy through his policies of glnost and perestroika. This resulted in the majority of citizens participating in participating in a renewed federation of participating republics, including Moldova and Georgia, which resulted in a vote in favor of preserving the USSR as a renewed Federation. In 1991, Central authorities initiated a referendum—boycotted by the Baltics, Moldovans, Armenia, and Moldova—to create a new republic, the Dnepropetrovsk. The vote was held in August 1991 and the new republics were formed, with Moldova as the first republic.
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This page is based on the article Soviet Union published in Wikipedia (as of Dec. 26, 2020) and was automatically summarized using artificial intelligence.
