2nd Red Banner Army

The 2nd Red Banner Army: A Soviet Field Army’s Journey Through World War II

Imagine a military unit that was born in the heart of the Soviet Union, destined to play a pivotal role in one of history’s most significant conflicts. The 2nd Red Banner Army, formed in 1938 as part of the Far Eastern Red Banner Front, is such an entity—a testament to the strategic and tactical prowess of the Soviet military during World War II.

The Formation and Early Battles

Was it just a coincidence that this army was created in July 1938? Or did it serve as a strategic move, anticipating the looming threat of war? The 2nd Red Banner Army was initially commanded by Ivan Konev, leading several rifle divisions, motorized divisions, and fortified regions. Its first major engagement came during the Battles of Khalkhin Gol in mid-1939, where it faced off against Japanese forces.

The Reorganization and Expansion

After the Far Eastern Front was recreated in June 1940, the army underwent a series of reorganizations. By March 1941, the 59th Tank Division was formed, marking a significant boost to its combat capabilities. As World War II raged on, the army’s composition continued to evolve, with new formations being added and others being transferred to the Eastern Front.

The Role in World War II

How did this army contribute to the war effort? During Operation Barbarossa in June 1941, some of its divisions were sent to reinforce the Eastern Front. By September, the army had several new formations, including fighter aviation divisions. The constant reorganization and adaptation underscored the dynamic nature of military operations during that period.

The Soviet Invasion of Manchuria

As the war progressed, the 2nd Red Banner Army was tasked with a crucial mission: the invasion of Manchuria in August 1945. With an estimated strength of 54,000 men and equipped with 240 tanks and self-propelled guns, the army’s role was pivotal.

How did they prepare for this operation? The army conducted reconnaissance and harassing attacks across the Amur River, capturing several islands. By August 10, orders were given to begin the attack early on August 11. The initial crossing of the river began under heavy artillery fire, with reconnaissance and assault detachments establishing bridgeheads.

The Battle for Sunwu

On August 12, as reinforcements arrived, the army’s main bodies advanced towards their objectives. By August 17-18, despite facing fierce resistance, the Soviet forces managed to break through Japanese defenses and capture key fortified regions. The Kwantung Army formally surrendered on August 18, marking a significant victory for the 2nd Red Banner Army.

The Aftermath

After the war, the army was briefly part of the Far Eastern Military District before being disbanded in November 1945. The 390th and 396th Divisions were disbanded, while the 3rd and 12th Divisions joined the 26th Rifle Corps of the 1st Red Banner Army.

The 2nd Red Banner Army stands as a symbol of resilience and adaptability in the face of adversity. Its journey through World War II is a tale of strategic planning, tactical innovation, and unwavering determination. From its formation to its disbandment, this army played a crucial role in shaping the course of history.