Tylopilus felleus
The species was first described in the scientific literature as le bolet chicotin by French mycologist Pierre Bulliard in 1788. It is the type species of Tylopilus, and the only member of the genus found in Europe. It grows in deciduous and coniferous woodland, often fruiting under beech and oak. The pore surface is initially white before turning pinkish with age.
About Tylopilus felleus in brief
The species was first described in the scientific literature as le bolet chicotin by French mycologist Pierre Bulliard in 1788. It is the type species of Tylopilus, and the only member of the genus found in Europe. Although not poisonous, it is generally considered inedible due to its overwhelming bitterness. The mushroom is commonly known as the bitter bolete or the bitter tylopilus. It grows in deciduous and coniferous woodland, often fruiting under beech and oak. Its fruit bodies have convex to flat caps that are some shade of brown, buff, or tan, and typically measure up to 15 cm in diameter. The pore surface is initially white before turning pinkish with age. Like most boletes it lacks a ring, and it may be distinguished from Boletus edulis and other similar species by its unusual pink pores and the prominent dark brown netlike pattern on its stalk. The pores underneath are white at first and become pink with maturity. They are adnate to the stalk and bulge downwards as the mushroom ages. Genetic analysis published in 2013 shows that T. felleus and many other members of the Tylipilus form a Tyloletus clade within a larger group informally called anaxoboletus in the Boletineae. A variety described from the Great Lakes region, var.
uliginosus, was recognised by Alexander H. Smith and Harry D. Thiers in 1971 on the basis of its microscopic features. However, Index Fungorum does not consider this an independent taxon. Although some records exist in Australia, their spores are of consistently smaller dimensions and this taxon has been classified as a separate species, T. brevisporus. The species grows up to 30cm across, though some North American specimens reach 30 cm across or walnut-brown. It does not do not peel away from the flesh from maturity, often developing rusty-brown spots with one or two millimetre or two per centage per millimetres of age. It has been the subject of research into bioactive compounds that have been tested for antitumour and antibiotic properties. The specific name comes from the Latin felleus, meaning ‘bile’ or ‘bitter’, similar to bile, and refers to its bitter taste, similar to the Greek tylos and pilos. It was transferred into the new genus Tylanthus in 1881 and is now considered to be one of the most common species of bolete in the world. It can grow in east Asia, Europe, and eastern North America, extending south into Mexico and Central America.
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This page is based on the article Tylopilus felleus published in Wikipedia (as of Oct. 29, 2020) and was automatically summarized using artificial intelligence.
