Messenger RNA
Messenger RNA is a single-stranded molecule of RNA. It corresponds to the genetic sequence of a gene, and is read by a ribosome. mRNA is created during the process of transcription, where an enzyme converts the gene into primary transcript mRNA. Processing of mRNA differs greatly among eukaryotes, bacteria, and archaea. Non-eukaryotic mRNA is, in essence, mature upon transcription and requires no processing.
About Messenger RNA in brief
messenger RNA is a single-stranded molecule of RNA. It corresponds to the genetic sequence of a gene, and is read by a ribosome. mRNA is created during the process of transcription, where an enzyme converts the gene into primary transcript mRNA. The short-lived, unprocessed or partially processed product is termed precursor mRNA, or pre-mRNA; once completely processed, it is termed mature mRNA. Processing of mRNA differs greatly among eukaryotes, bacteria, and archaea. Non-eukaryotic mRNA is, in essence, mature upon transcription and requires no processing, except in rare cases. The existence of mRNA was first suggested by Jacques Monod and François Jacob, and was subsequently discovered by Jacob, Sydney Brenner and Matthew Meselson at the California Institute of Technology in 1961. The brief existence of an mRNA molecule begins with transcription, and ultimately ends in degradation. During its life, an mRNA molecules may also be processed, edited, and transported prior to translation. A 5′ cap consists of a terminal 7-methylguanosine residue that is linked through a 5′-5′-triphosphate bond to the first transcribed gene. Shortly after the start of transcription and co-transcription, each other influences the other. Cap is critical for recognition by the ribosomes and protection from RNases. The presence of a guanine nucleotide that is added to the 5′ end of a eukarian mRNA molecule is crucial for its recognition and protection.
A molecule of eukariotic mRNA and the proteins surrounding it are together called a messenger RNP. The extensive process of processing of mRNA that leads to the mature mRNA that is splicing is called RNA splicing. This process is carried out by ribosomal RNA, which is the central component of the Ribosome’s protein-manufacturing machinery. The translation of codons into amino acids requires two other types of RNA: transfer RNA and ribozyme. The ribosOME then utilises amino acids carried by transfer RNA to create the protein. This is known as translation. Eukariot mRNA molecules often require extensive processing and transport, while prokaryotic RNA molecules do not. The process is slightly different in eukaries and prokaries, including that prokarian RNA polymerase associates with DNA-processing enzymes during transcription so that processing can proceed during transcription. In eukarians, this process is called ‘transcription’ This process differs slightly in prokariotes and eukareotes, and it is called the ‘translational process’ It is the same process as that used in humans and other vertebrates, but with a different name,’mRNA’ The process of translating a gene from DNA to mRNA is also known as’mutation’ It takes place in the cell and is a process known as mRNA translation. It involves the creation of a protein that is then translated to the cytoplasm and its translation by the cell.
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This page is based on the article Messenger RNA published in Wikipedia (as of Dec. 24, 2020) and was automatically summarized using artificial intelligence.
