In 1115, Jurchen tribes rebelled against their overlords, the Khitan Liao dynasty, and declared the formation of the Jin. The Jin promised to return to the Song the Sixteen Prefectures that had fallen under Liao control since 938. After the demise of Jin, the Song became a target of the Mongols, and collapsed in 1279. The wars engendered an era of swift technological, cultural, and demographic changes.
About Jin–Song Wars in brief
In 1115, Jurchen tribes rebelled against their overlords, the Khitan Liao dynasty, and declared the formation of the Jin. The Jin promised to return to the Song the Sixteen Prefectures that had fallen under Liao control since 938. After a series of negotiations that embittered both sides, the Jurchens attacked the Song in 1125, dispatching one army to Taiyuan and the other to Bianjing, the Song capital. The Song generals regained some territories but retreated on the orders of Southern Song emperor Gaozong, who supported a peaceful resolution to the war. The Treaty of Shaoxing set the boundary of the two empires along the Huai River, but conflicts between the two dynasties continued until the fall of Jin in 1234. After the demise of Jin, the Song became a target of the Mongols, and collapsed in 1279. The wars engendered an era of swift technological, cultural, and demographic changes in China. The siege of De’an in 1132 was the first recorded use of the fire lance, an early ancestor of firearms. There were also reports of incendiary huopao or the exploding tiehuopao, incendiary arrows, and other related weapons. In northern China, Jurchens were the ruling minority of an empire predominantly inhabited by former subjects of the Song. Jurchen migrants settled in the conquered territories and assimilated with the local culture. The north was the cultural center of China, and its trade with Jin diminished the regional stature of theSong dynasty.
The Southern Song, however, quickly returned to economic prosperity, and expanded into a major city for commerce. The Jurchen were a group of semi-agrarian tribes inhabiting areas of northeast China that are now part of Northeast China. To the south of the Liao Empire lay the Han Chinese Empire, but at peace with the Song and Liao were at peace at least until the Song died out in the 13th century. The Liao empire included most of modern Mongolia, northern Korea, and parts of the Russian Far East. The Chinese were a vassals of the Khitans, an empire ruled by nomadic nomadic tribes. The Jins and the Jins were vassal tribes of Liao, but were in peace at the time of Song’s demise. The Mongols were a nomadic tribe of nomadic vandals ruled by Khitans that included most part of North, Northeast, and Far East Asia, and a portion of the Far East, including parts of Russia, China, North Korea and the U.S. The Mongol Empire was ruled by Mongols that included the nomadic Khitans and most parts of North Korea, North and South Korea, but included parts of Mongolia, North China and South China, as well as parts of Japan and the Sichuan province. The Mongol Empire was based in Mongolia, and ruled from 1233 to 1279, when it was overthrown by the Chinese.
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This page is based on the article Jin–Song Wars published in Wikipedia (as of Nov. 06, 2020) and was automatically summarized using artificial intelligence.
