Operation Catechism
Tirpitz was repeatedly attacked by British forces over several years. Operation Catechism was conducted on 12 November 1944 by 29 Royal Air Force heavy bombers that attacked the battleship at its anchorage near the Norwegian city of Tromsø. The ship capsized after being hit by at least two bombs and damaged by the explosions of others, killing between 940 and 1,204 members of the crew. Several German military personnel were convicted of dereliction of duty following the attack.
About Operation Catechism in brief
Tirpitz was repeatedly attacked by British forces over several years. Operation Catechism was conducted on 12 November 1944 by 29 Royal Air Force heavy bombers that attacked the battleship at its anchorage near the Norwegian city of Tromsø. The ship capsized after being hit by at least two bombs and damaged by the explosions of others, killing between 940 and 1,204 members of the crew. The attack ended a long-running series of air and naval operations against Tirpitz that sought to eliminate the threat she posed to Allied shipping. Several German military personnel were convicted of dereliction of duty following the attack. The battleship’s destruction was celebrated in Allied countries and Norway, and is commemorated by several memorials and displays in museums. The RAF’s Bomber Command took over responsibility for sinking TirPitz after the attack, and it was decided that further carrier attacks against the German battleship would be fruitless due to the inadequacies of the Royal Navy’s aircraft and their armament. Because of the depth of water at the mooring, the battlehip was found to be greater than anticipated to be vulnerable to an attack by the Allies. Because the battleships needed space to capsize, another attack was needed by the RAF to prevent another attack from sinking if another attack by another force was successful. The British suffered no casualties in the raid, and the Germans were forced to pay for their losses with the loss of their most important ship.
The battle ship was sunk by a single Tallboy bomb, which caused extensive damage to her bow and rendered her unfit for combat and used as an immobile battery to defend the area from attack. She was also damaged by explosives placed on her hull by Royal Navy personnel who had used midget submarines to penetrate Kaafjord. On 3 April 1944, aircraft flying from Royal Navy aircraft carriers attacked Tir pitz during Operation Tungsten and inflicted further damage. A series of subsequent aircraft carrier attacks were unsuccessful, including Operation Mascot on 17 July and Operation Goodwood which was conducted between 22 and 29 August 1944. On 15 September 1944, the elite Nos. 9 and 617 Squadrons attacked the Battleship at Kaaf jord during what was designated Operation Paravane. This operation employed Avro Lancaster heavy bombers armed with Tallboy heavy bombs and “Johnnie Walker” mines. The bombers were unmolested by a unit of German fighter aircraft that failed to take off from nearby Trom sø in time. On 16 October 1944, she arrived there on the island of Håkøya where it was believed the water was shallow enough to prevent the battle ship from sinking. As Tirptz could not be repaired and repaired, the commander of themarine ordered that she be transferred to the northern Norwegian city Dönön Kriegs. The area from which she was to be used as a battery would also convince the Allies that she continued to pose a threat to the Soviet Union.
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This page is based on the article Operation Catechism published in Wikipedia (as of Oct. 30, 2020) and was automatically summarized using artificial intelligence.
