The siege of Berwick lasted four months in 1333 and resulted in the Scottish-held town being captured by an English army. The year before, Edward Balliol had seized the Scottish Crown, surreptitiously supported by Edward III. Edward III used this as a casus belli and invaded Scotland.
About Siege of Berwick (1333) in brief
The siege of Berwick lasted four months in 1333 and resulted in the Scottish-held town being captured by an English army. The year before, Edward Balliol had seized the Scottish Crown, surreptitiously supported by Edward III. Edward III used this as a casus belli and invaded Scotland. Berwick, on the North Sea coast of Britain, is on the Anglo-Scottish border, astride the main invasion and trade route in either direction. In the Middle Ages, Berwick was the gateway from Scotland to the English eastern march. It was captured by Richard I of England 140 years before his crusade to raise funds for his crusade. The town was captured and sold to the Scots by Richard II of England, who used it as a base for raids into England. The First War of Scottish Independence between England and Scotland began in March 1296, when Edward I stormed and sacked the Scottish border town ofBerwick as a prelude to his invasion of Scotland. Some Scots nobles, refusing to swear fealty to Robert Bruce, were disinherited and left Scotland to join forces with Edward Balliola, son of King John I of Scotland, whom Edward I had deposed in 1296. The Scots were crushed at the Battle of Dupplin Moor, where thousands of Scots died, including much of the nobility of the realm. In 1331, under the leadership of EdwardBalliol and Henry Beaumont, 4th Earl of Buchan, the dis inherited Scottish nobles gathered in Yorkshire and plotted an attack on Scotland.
The English were aware of the scheme and officially forbade it, but turned a blind eye to his forces sailing for Scotland from Yorkshire ports on 31 July 1332. Five days after landing in Fife, Balliol’s force of some 2,000 men met the Scottish army of 12,000–15,000Men. The Scottish army advanced to relieve the town. After unsuccessfully manoeuvring for position, the Scots felt compelled to attack the English at Halidon Hill on 19 July. The Scots suffered a crushing defeat, and Berwick surrendered on terms the next day. Almost immediately, Balliol granted Edward III Scottish estates to a value of £2,000, which included \”the town, castle and county of Berwick\”. He was ambushed by supporters of David II a few months after his coronation. Within six months it had collapsed. Balliol fled to England half-dressed and riding bareback. He appealed to Edward III for assistance. He was crowned king of Scotland at Scone, the traditional place of coronation for Scottish monarchs – on 24 September 1332, but he died ten days before they sailed. He had ceded a large part of his territory toEdward III and agreed to do homage for the balance. The battle was fought on the banks of the River Tweed, near the town of Tweed. The Battle of Stirling took place in July 1333.
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