Chad
Chad, officially known as the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country in north-central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon to south-west, Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west. Lake Chad, after which the country is named, is the largest wetland in Chad and the second-largest in Africa.
About Chad in brief
Chad, officially known as the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country in north-central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon to south-west, Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west. Lake Chad, after which the country is named, is the largest wetland in Chad and the second-largest in Africa. Chad is home to over 200 different ethnic and linguistic groups. Islam and Christianity are the main religions practiced in Chad. Chad has a poor human rights record, with frequent abuses such as arbitrary imprisonment, extrajudicial killings, and limits on civil liberties by both security forces and armed militias. Since 2003 crude oil has become the country’s primary source of export earnings, superseding the traditional cotton industry. Chad remains plagued by political violence and recurrent attempted coups d’état. Most inhabitants live in poverty as subsistence herders and farmers. The Darfur crisis in Sudan has spilt over the border and destabilised the nation. For more than 2,000 years, the Chadian Basin has been inhabited by agricultural and sedentary people. The region became a crossroads of civilizations. The earliest of these were the legendary Sao, known from artifacts and oral histories. The Kanem Empire was the first and longest-lasting of the empires that developed in Chad’s Sahelian strip by the end of the 1st millennium AD. France conquered the territory by 1920 and incorporated it as part of French Equatorial Africa.
In 1960, Chad obtained independence under the leadership of François Tombalbaye. The Chadian–Libyan conflict erupted in 1978 by the Libyan invasion which stopped in 1987 with a French military intervention. Hissène Habré was overthrown in turn in 1990 by his general Idriss Déby. The country is one of the poorest and most corrupt countries in the world, with most inhabitants living in poverty. The population is estimated to be about 1.5 million people. In 1900, France had secured full control of the colony and incorporated the country as a French colony. The French colonial administration in Chad was critically understaffed and had to rely on the dregs of the civil service. In the early 1900s, a third of the population were slaves, except for the Tchad et Protectorats du Pays des Pays de Pays du Monde. In 2000, France introduced large-scale cotton production in Chad, which led to the creation of the Territoire Militaire des Tchads. The current president of Chad is the son of a former French colonial officer, who was killed in a coup d’etat in 1998. The Chad government has been ruled by a single party since the late 1980s. The president of the Patriotic Salvation Movement (PSM) is a former member of the French National Assembly (MNC) who was deposed in a military coup in 2002. The PSM is currently the only party in charge of the Chad government.
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This page is based on the article Chad published in Wikipedia (as of Dec. 03, 2020) and was automatically summarized using artificial intelligence.
